金融英语阅读复习纲要.docx
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金融英语阅读复习纲要.docx
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金融英语阅读复习纲要
金融英语阅读复习纲要
一,名词解释
1)PBC2)Phaseout3)Laissez-faire4)IDA5)IMF6)BARTER
7)MONEYLAUNDERING8)OPENOUTCRY9)RISKAVERSE
10)IMPLICITTAXES
11).有价证券12).铸币平价13).浮动利率14).到期日15).可兑换纸币16).大一统的17).银根紧缩18).Commission19).treasurybill20).Creditor21)CBRC22)IFC
二,短语翻译
1).Despitethefactthatdevaluationsoccurredandspeculativecapitalflowsweresignificant,theBrettonWoodsarrangementsdeterredcurrencysubstitutionsolongasthecommitmenttofixtheexchangerateswasaccepted.
2).Thelackofincentivetoengageincurrencysubstitutionwaswitnessedbythefactthatthesmalldeviationsfrommintparitywereoffsetexactlybythecostsoftransportingthegoldbetweencountries.
3).Theygenerallyarenotappropriateforrisk-averseindividualsorinvestorswithshortplanninghorizons.
4).SomeUKstockshavebid-askspreadsof10%.
5)TheIFC'spolicyistofavorjointventuresthathavesomelocalcapitalcommittedattheoutset,oratleasttheprobabilityoflocalcapitalinvolvementintheforeseeablefuture.
6)Todate,therehavebeennodefaultsonloansmadebytheWorldBank.
7)RuggedindividualisticliberalismbaseduponAnglo-Saxonrootsknew,renderingtheirliberalideologyrigidanddogmatic.
8)Thevalueofacommodityortokenusedasmoneyalsofluctuates,andwhenthereisinflation,itsvaluepersistentlyfalls.
9)Theyputtheirreputationonthelinewhentheyendorseacompany'sreport.
三,句子翻译
1).Thecontrolwhichfinancialinstitutionswieldoververysubstantialsumsofmoneyalsoattractstheattentionofgovernments,partlybecausetheymayseeirresistibleopportunitiestosecurecheapfinanceforfavoredborrowers,andpartlyinviewoftheeconomicpowerattachedtocontroloffinance.
2).Mostpeopleexperiencedifficultyinspottingwhetherthelinesareswitchingaroundsothatsometimestheseriesbeingforecastistheleadingseries.
3).Ifthetotalparvalueofthestockissuedinthecombinationislargeenough,thedashedboundaryshiftsdownwardpastadditionalpaid-incapital;thetotaladditionalpaid-incapitalofthecombinedcompanyiseliminated,andcombinedretainedearningisreduced.
4).Nevertheless,Smith’sclassicaltenetsofeconomicliberalism—thatminimalstateinterferenceintheeconomyandmaximumrelianceuponthemarketresultinbusinessproductivityandsocialwealth—stillpredominateinAnglo-Saxonculturestoday.
5).收集的有关一国或一个项目的财务状况、资金使用、经营能力等方面的信息,比起一个私营的外国企业可能得到的信息,会更为完整和准确。
6).一些懒人很可能会发现他们已被更有能力的经理所替代了。
这种竞争可能会发生在企业之中,但那些经营糟糕的公司更可能被全盘收购,这种形式的接管通常都能带来一支更有活力的管理团队。
7)The"wholeearth"approachtopoliticaleconomy--aworldview--remainstheexceptionandnottherule.Economistsnotethattheirdisciplinewastraditionallycalled"politicaleconomy,"thequeenofthesocialsciencesdatingbackatleasttoAdamSmith'sWealthofNations,publishedin1776.
8)Bartercantakeplaceonlywhenthereisadoublecoincidenceofwants.AdoublecoincidenceofwantsisasituationthatoccurswhenpersonAwantstobuywhatpersonBissellingandpersonBwantstobuywhatpersonAisselling.
9)尽管国际货币基金组织只同政府打交道,但其政策和行动对世界范围的商务具有深刻的影响在解释这种说法之前,我们应该简要了解国际货币基金组织的目标,活动以及他的发展过程。
10)金融期货与期权是目前全球范围内最具冒险性的金融衍生产品。
期货与期权吸引两类使用者,即套头交易者和投机商。
11)Chinaisinthetransitionfromaplanedeconomytomarketeconomicsystem,thereforeitseconomicdevelopmentdoesnotdisplayclearcyclesasthematuredeconomiesdo.
12)套头交易者反对冒险,他们之所以使用这种契约式为了在外汇,利率或股票交易中避免风险,而投机者则主要利用交易获取暴利
13)税务法规影响投资回报率。
税前投资回报率意味着在向国内,国外,州立和地方税务局缴纳各种税费之前获得的利润率。
为什么有些企业选择较高的税前投资回报率进行投资,而另外一些企业却选择较低的税前投资回报率进行投资。
14)ThePresentvalueofrentaldeductionsisoftenfarlessthanthepresentvalueofdepreciationdeductions.
四,填空
Thebalanceofpaymentsisastatisticalrecordofalltheeconomic,
transactionsbetweenresidentsofthereportingcountryandresidentsof
therestoftheworldduringagiventimeperiod.Theusualreporting
periodforallthestatisticsincludedintheaccountisoneyear.
However,someofthestatisticsthatmakeupthebalanceofpayments
arepublishedonamoreregularmonthlyandquarterlybasis.
Withoutquestionthebalanceofpaymentsisoneofthemost
importantstatisticalstatementsforanycountry.Itrevealshowmany
goodsandservicesthecountryhasbeenexportingandimportingand
whetherthecountryhasbeenborrowingfromorlendingmoneytothe
restoftheworld.Inaddition,whetherornothecentralmonetary
authority(usuallythecentralbank)hasaddedtoorreduceditsreservesof
foreigncurrencyisreportedinthestatistics.
五,阅读理解
1,In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecue(烤肉)restaurant,andthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:
Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:
quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.
Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks'stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.
KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers'fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise。
othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches。
TodayMcDonald'sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald'shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.
2,Aboutonecommercialbankoutofeveryfourhasatrustdepartmentthatprovidesspecializedfiduciaryservicesforitscustomers.Toengageinthetrustbusiness,abankmustobtainfromitscharteringagencytrustpowersthatenableittoofferthesespecializedfinancialservices.Thefollowingsectionsprovideanintroductiontothetrustfunctions.
Withroughly75percentofbanking-industryparticipantsnotengagedintrustoperations,trustservicesobviouslyplayasomewhatlimitedroleintheindustry.Since1981thepercentagecontributionoftheserevenuestototaloperatingincomeandtotalassetshasbeenincreasingafterdecliningsince1975.asofyearend1983,trustincomewas$4.2billionandamountedto1.74percentoftotaloperatingincomeand0.185percentoftotalbankassets.Overtheeight-yearperiodfrom1975to1983,trustincomegrewatacompoundannualrateof12.78percentcomparedto17.42percentfortotaloperatingincomeand11.81percentfortotalassets.
Trustdepartmentsgeneraterevenuebychargingfeesfortheservicestheyprovide.Intheearlydaysofthetrustbusiness,thesefeesusuallywerecalculatedasapercentageofincomeearnedfromtrustassets.Today,mostfeeincomeisbaseduponprincipalvalueoracombinationofprincipalvalueandincome.Toillustrate,afeeschedulebaseduponprincipalvalueforpersonaltrustaccountsmightrangefrom1percentto25percentannually,dependinguponthesizeoftheaccount.Oneofthecontroversialareasintrustmanagementishowtomeasurefeeincome.
ThetoptentrustrevenueproducersinthebankingindustryarelistedinTable14.1(omitted).During1983,totaltrustrevenuesforthisgroupincreasedby19percentfrom$979millionto$1,161million.ThetoprevenuegeneratorisJ.P.Morgan&Co.Inc.withtotalincomeof$218million.BankofNewYorkwasadistantsecondwith$145millioninrevenue.The1983revenueforthetoptenbanks($1161million)represent28percentoftheindustry’strustincome($4192million).Withsome4,000trustdepartmentsintheindustry,thisleavesslightlymorethan$3billionfortheremaining3,999departmentsorroughly$750,000inrevenueperdepartment.
Banktrustdepartmentandtrustcompaniesperformnumerousfiduciaryservicesforindividualsandbusiness.Themajorfunctionalareasare1)trusts,2)estates,and3)agencies.Atrustisafiduciaryrelationshipwithrespecttopropertyinwhichthetrustee,whohastitletotheproperty,mustperformequitabledutiesforthebenefitsofanotherperson(thebeneficiary).Thesettlement,guardianship,andconservatorshipofestates—assetsofdeceasedpersons—alsoarehandledbytrustdepartments.Anagencyisacontractualagreementinwhichtheagent(trustdepartment)iscontractedtoactonbehalfofanotherperson(theprincipal).Inanagency,titletothepropertynormallydoesnotpasstotheagentbutremainswiththeprincipal(owner).Trustsand
agenciesaremoreimportantthanestatesingeneratingassetsfortrustdepartments.
Theserviceobjectivesoftrustandagencyrelationshipsinvolvefivemajoroperations:
1)recordkeeping,2)safekeeping3)personalandfinancialcounseling,4)investing,and5)controlofassets.
Personaltrustsandemployee-benefitaccountsarethemajorbusinesslinesoftrustdepartments,asofDecember31,1980,thesetwolinesaccountedfor
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