英语四六级作文分析及范文.docx
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英语四六级作文分析及范文.docx
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英语四六级作文分析及范文
英语四六级考试写作题型分析及范文
根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求,大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种:
首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。
第一节首尾句作文
首尾句作文是根据段首(尾)句续写短文。
段首句作文也称主题句作文,因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。
其特点是以题目为中心,一般情况下将文章分为三个段落,每段首句即为该段的主题句(topicsentences)。
考生要按主题句的要求组织材料,提出论据,用一些辅助句(supportingsentences)来支持或说明主题句,写英文段首句作文要注意:
所写的内容要紧扣主题,辅助句应围绕段首句续写。
保证段内每个句子的内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落,如:
例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。
要注意句与句之间,特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。
另外,所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子,有时不是一个完整的句子,只是句子的一部分,这就要求考生一定要审好题。
找出其中表示中心思想的关键词,围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。
[例1]Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutWomenintheModernWorldinthreeparagraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodeveloptheideaincompletingtheparagraph;yourpartofthecompositionshouldbeabout100words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.
[范文]
WomenintheModernWorld
Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinsociety.Successfulwomenwhoaregovernmentofficials,writers,scientists,doctorsandteacherscanbefoundeverywhere.Itistruethatmanyjobsthatonceweredominatedbymencanbedonewellbywomen.
Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Thehusbandisnolongertheonlybreadmakerinthefamilyandthewifenolongerlivesonothers.Theysharecomfortsandhardshipswitheachother.
Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Womenstillfacemanydifficultiesandobstaclesduetotraditionalrolesandlimitedeconomicstrength.Womenstillhavealongwaytogointheirstruggleforcompleteequalitywithmen.
第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用,因而续写的内容紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用,比如,妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等;第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的地位也提高了,续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共;第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任重而道远,续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题,整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。
[例2]Directions:
WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs,youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:
1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.
2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,...
3Therefore,...
[范文]
WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower
Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld.Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity.
Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble.Forinstance,allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking.Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity.
Therefore,weshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower.Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources.Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings.
第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分,因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。
第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设,下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。
最后一段指出我们应该节约用电,开拓更多的电力资源。
第二节提纲作文
提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲(一般为中文提纲)进行写作。
中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。
写提纲作文,首先要做的就是审题,并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。
审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句,再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。
在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚,开门见山。
[例1]Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGoodHealthaccordingthefollowingoutline.Yourcompositionislessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.
Outline:
1健康的重要性
2保持健康的方法
3我的做法
[范文]
GoodHealth
Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone.Withit,wecanstudyhard,wecanserveourcountry,wecandoeverythingaswelike.Withoutgoodhealth,everybodyknowsthatwewillfailtodothings.Wecan’tworkefficiently,wemaystayinhospital,wellbecomeaburdenofourfamily.
Inmyopinion,therearetwowaysforustokeepfit.First,wemusteatabalanceddiet.Thatistosay,wemusteatnotonlyeggs,fishandmeat,butalsosomevegetablesandfruiteveryday.Besideseatingproperly,drinkingcleanwaterisalsoimportant.Nevergetaddictedtodrinkingthesoftdrink.Second,exercisingisavitalpartofourdailylife.Wecandosomerunninginthemorningandplayfootballintheafternoon.
Asauniversitystudent,Ipaymuchattentiontophysicalexercises.Idosomeswimminginsummerandsomeskatinginwinter.Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.
文章开门见山就点出了主题:
Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone。
然后作者很巧妙地用了with和without这两个介词从正反两个方面举出了具体的事例来支持自己的观点。
另外,with和without这两个词常用于议论文中,用“正证法”和“反证法”来对各论点或观点进行论述。
第二段的开头句紧扣提纲,概括地提出保持健康有两种方法,并且通过first,second这样的指示词,使所列举的事实条理化。
最后一段告诉读者自己的做法,也紧扣了提纲。
[例2]Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition.Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.
Outline:
1Theimportanceofcompetition
2Thefunctionofcompetition
3Myownpractices
[范文]
Competition
Competitionmakespeopleactiveandcreative.Itisverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance.Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldtakeanyresponsibility.“Threemonks,therewillbenodrinkingwater.”ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChinasproductivitywassolowbeforeMr.Dengcameintopower.Atthattime,wehadthesocalledplannedeconomy.Therewasnocompetitionatall.Sofarmersdidntworkhard.Workersdidntworkhard.Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse.
Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodothings.Forexample,in100meterrace,eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampion,thesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife.Ifacompanywantstosurpass,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency.Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanbeings.Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies.ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.
文章一开头就提出了竞争的重要性。
接下来,作者用了两个事例更进一步说明了主题。
最后谈到了自己的做法。
[例3]
Directions:
ForthisPart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicLosingandGainingweightaccordingtothefollowing.Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.
Outline:
Thecomparisonofone’sbodytoacar:
thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofone’sbodyandone’scar.
1Thewaysforgainingweightandlosingweight.
2Myownpractices.
[范文]
LosingandGainingweight
Theprocessofgainingorlosingweightcanbeexplainedbycomparingyourcar.First,yourcarcan’trunifthereisnopetrolordieseloil.Becauseitneedsenergy.Thesamethinghappenstoyourbody.Yourbodyalsoneedsenergy,thefoodyoueatcanbeconvertedintoenergy,withwhichyoucanrun,youcantalk,youcandoeverything.Second,ifyoueattoomuchyouwillgainweight.Weknowacarwithtooheavyloadcantrunquicklyandsafely.Maybeitwillbreakdown.Forthesamereason,ifyouaretoofat,itisalsoveryinconvenientanddangerous.Youmightgetheartdisease,diabetes,andhypertensionandsoon.Ifsuchthingshappen,doctorwouldaskyoutoloseweight.
Youeattoomuchandyoudonttakeexercise,youllgainweight.Soifyouwanttoloseweightyouhavetodotheopposite.Youwillbeonadiet.Youwillgooutanddosomeexercises,suchas,running,swimming,andplayingfootball,etc.Soon,youllbebackingoodconditionandgoodshapeagain.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Igetupandgotobedearly,doplentyofexerciseseveryday,andpayspecialattentiontothefoodIeataswell.Idonteattoomuchmeat.Instead,mydietconsistsofvegetables,fruits,eggs,fish,andbeans.BydoingthisIcankeepfit.
作者在这篇文章中先用比较对比法比较了人与车之间的相似之处:
车需要汽油,人需要食物;车载的重物过多跑不快,人长得太胖既行动不便也存有隐患,因而过于肥胖的人就需要减肥。
第一段的最后一句话起了承上启下的作用。
接下来作者谈了如何减肥,最后很自然地过渡到作者自己的做法。
第三节关键词作文
关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。
关键词的数目由几个到十几个不等。
写这种题型的作文,要特别注意关键词的作用。
关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”,在作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。
因此,写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都用上,可以一句中用上几个词,也可以几句中用上一个词,只要能做到恰到好处即可。
而且,要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。
如果所给的关键词可以分为三组,那么,短文就可以写成三段。
如果给出的关键词是两组,短文就可以写为两段。
再者,要把给出的关键词用在刀刃上,即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应该有关键词。
[例1]Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheAdvantagesofTravel”basedonthewordsandphrasesgiven:
advantageswidenourknowledge,makefriends,knowledgeorgeography,beautifulscenery,differentlifestyle,customsandcultures,variousfoods,practiceaforeignlanguage,worthspendingthetime.
[范文]
TheAdvantagesofTravel
Wheneveracollegestudentisasked“Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?
”themostprobableanswermightbe“Iamgoingtohaveatrip.”Itseemsthatcollegestudentsarefondoftravelingverymuch.Why?
Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages.
Firstofall,travelcanwidenourknowledgeofgeography,theknowledgeofdifferentcustoms,culturesandlifestylesofdifferentplacesandcountries.Secondly,wecanmakefriendsandpracticeaforeignlanguagethroughtraveling.Finally,travelisthebestwayofspendingtime.Wecanenjoyeatingvariouslocalfoodsandseeingbeautifulscenery.
Inaword,wecanbenefitfromtravelinmorethanoneway.Itisworthspendingthetime.
作者在第一段中就用上了关键词travel和advantage,并很巧妙地利用Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages这样的承上启下的句子来引出下文关于旅游的种种好处。
最后又把关键词用在了文章的结尾处,强化了主题,不失为画龙点睛之笔。
[例2]Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheHelpfulFeaturesofTextbooks”basedonthefollowingwordsgiven:
textbooks,school,lev
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