高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含答案1.docx
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高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含答案1.docx
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高考英语压轴题专题阅读理解的经典综合题含答案1
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ScientistsattheUniversityofOxfordhavedevelopednewartificialintelligence(AI)softwaretorecognizeandfollowupthefacesofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inthewild.Thenewsoftwarewillallowresearchersandwildlifeconservationiststosignificantlycutbackontimespentanalyzingvideos,accordingtothenewpaperpublishedinScienceAdvances.
Forspecies(物种)likechimpanzeeswhichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingphotosoftheirbehaviortakenfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch,"saysDanSchofield,researcherandDPhilstudentatOxfordUniversity'sPrivateModelsLab,SchoolofAnthropology."Bytakingadvantageofthepowerofmachinelearningtounlocklargevideofiles,itmakesitpossibletomeasurebehavioroverthelongterm."
Thecomputermodelwastrainedusingover10millionimages(影像):
fromKyotoUniversitysPrimateResearchInstitute(PRI)videofilesofwildchimpanzeesinGuinea,WestAfrica.Thenewsoftwareisthefirsttocontinuouslytrackandrecognizeindividualawiderangeofposes,performingwithhighaccuracyindifficultconditionssuchaslowlightingandpoorimagequality.
"Accesstothislargevideofilehasallowedustousedeepneuralnetworkstotrainmodelstoadegreethatwaspreviouslynotpossible,"saysArshaNagrad,co-autherofthestudyandDPhilstudentattheDepartmentofEngineerScience,UniversityofOxford."Additionally,ournewsoftwarediffersfrompreviousprimatefacerecognitionsoftwareinthatitcanbeappliedtovideoswithlimitedmanualintervention(人工干预),savinghoursoftime."
ThetechnologycanbepotentiallyusedtomonitorspeciesforconservationAlthoughthepresentapplicationfocusesonchimpanzees,theAIsoftwareprovidedwillbeappliedtootherspecies,andhelpdrivetheadoptionofAIsystemstosolve(解决)arangeofproblemsinthewildlifesciences.
(1)Whatisthepurposeofdevelopingthenewsoft?
A.Tosavewildliferesearchers'timespentinthelabs.
B.Tokeeptrackofwildlifeconservationists'behaviors.
C.Toprotectchimpanzeesandhelpthemtolivelonger.
D.Torecognizeandtrackthefacesofwildchimpanzees.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?
A.Gettingphotos.
B.Analyzingvideos.
C.Apowerfulmachine
D.ThenewAIsoftware.
(3)Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?
A.Theworkingprincipleofthenewsoftware.
B.Somelimitationsofusingthenewsoftware.
C.Theuniqueadvantagesofthenewsoftware.
D.Controversialattitudestothenewsoftware.
(4)Whatcanbeknownfromthelastparagraph?
A.Technologyadvanceisthefinalgoalofscience
B.Thenewsoftwarewon'tjustbeappliedtochimpanzees.
C.AIsystemsarewidelyusedinthewildlifesciences.
D.Theapplicationofthenewtechnologyisn'teasy.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新的人工智能软件,这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔,大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间,而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”ScientistsattheUniversityofOxfordhavedevelopednewartificialintelligence(AI)softwaretorecognizeandfollowupthefacesofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inthewild.”可知,新软件的开发是为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。
故选D。
(2)考查代词指代。
根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的“Bytakingadvantageofthepowerofmachinelearningtounlocklargevideofiles…”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。
故选D。
(3)考查段落大意。
根据第四段的叙述可知,本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所具有的独特的优势。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“ThetechnologycanbepotentiallyusedtomonitorspeciesforconservationAlthoughthepresentapplicationfocusesonchimpanzees,theAIsoftwareprovidedwillbeappliedtootherspecies.可知,新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上,它还将被用于其他物种。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
"Iftheyhatedmetheydidn'ttalktomeaboutit,"saysayoungGermanmanageratamediafirminFrankfurt.Still,hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchhehadtoswallowtwicebeforeaddingtheword"boss".
Olderworkerssometimesenvybeingmanagedbyayoungercolleague.Precocious(老成的)youngsters,too,canfeelawkwardaboutbossingtheireldersaround.ButinGermanyashortageofskilledworkersmeansthatsuchsituationsarebecomingevenmorecommon.
Thecountry'spopulationisprojectedtoshrink.AsmoreGermansretire,feweryoungstersareenteringthework-placetoreplacethem.Asashareoftheworkingpopulationthenumberof15-to-24-year-oldshasfallenbytenpercentsincethe1980s,saystheGermanFederalEmploymentAgency.Firmscompetingtohireyoungtalenthavetopromotethemearlierasaresult.ApaperbyprofessorsattheuniversityofCambridgeandWHU,aGermanbusinessschool,tobepublishedintheJournalofOrganizationalBehavior,suggeststhiscouldbeaproblem.
Asinmanycountries,Germanwork-placesarelegallyobligedtooverlookagewhendecidingwhomtopromote.YetaccordingtoJochenMenges,oneoftheauthors,whenanordinaryworkerleap-frogsamoreexperiencedoneitcanleavethelatterwithfeelingsof"anger,fearanddisgust."Peopletendtojudgetheirownstandingbythesuccessoftheirpeers,andtoseefailureinbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.Therelationshipbetweenfeelingsofanxietyandtheageofthebossisclear,accordingtoMrMenges.Amanagerwhoisyoungerbyoneyearissomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsisfarmorediscouraging.
Germanfirmscertainlyshouldn'treturntoasysteminwhichageequalstorank.Butyoungpeopletendtobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.Andolderworkersshouldbeencouragedtoseethebrightsideoflearningnewskills.Daimler,abigGermancarfirm,saysitpromotesage-mixedteams,sothatknowledgecanbetransferredbetweengenerations.Italsosupportsyoungmanagersbyaskingretiredemployeestoprovidetemporarysupport.
(1)ForwhatdoestheauthormentionayoungGermanmanagerandhisexperienceinParagraph1?
A. Tointroducethetopic. B. Topresentanargument.
C. Toattractreaders'interest.
D. Todescribehisownidea.
(2)WhyaresomeprecociousyoungstersbossingtheireldersaroundinGermany?
A. Precociousyoungstersareallskilledworkers.
B. Suchsituationsarebecomingmorecommon.
C. Feweryoungsterswouldliketodohardwork.
D. Companiescompetefiercelytohireyoungtalent.
(3)Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsmightanemployeeregardhimselfasafailureaccordingtothepassage?
A. Whenhehastodecidewhomtopromote.
B. Whenheleap-frogsamoreexperiencedworker.
C. Whenheisbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.
D. Whenheexperiencesfeelingsofanger,fearanddisgust.
(4)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mean?
A. Ayoungerbossismorelikelytobenervousandanxious.
B. Anemployeewithayoungerbosstendstosufferfromanxiety.
C. Thereisaconnectionbetweenanxietyandtheageofpromotion.
D. Theageofthebossandanxietyarecloselyrelated.
(5)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Qualifiedworkersshouldbepromotedtoboss.
B. Olderworkersshouldsupportyoungermanagers.
C. Olderworkersarenobetterthanyoungercolleagues.
D. Youarenevertoooldtolearn,ortooyoungtomanage.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
(5)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由于德国年轻人数量下降,竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员,拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。
就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面,以及组建年龄混合的团队。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的”Still,hesaysitwasnoticeablethatwhenanemployee20yearsolderthanhimthankedhimforbuyinglunchhehadtoswallowtwicebeforeaddingtheword’boss‘.“不过,他说,值得注意的是,当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时,他不得不吞下两口,然后才加上“老板”一词。
提到的事例以及第二段中的”Olderworkerssometimesenvybeingmanagedbyayoungercolleague.Precociousyoungsters,too,canfeelawkwardaboutbossingtheireldersaround.ButinGermanyashortageofskilledworkersmeansthatsuchsituationsarebecomingevenmorecommon.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。
早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。
但在德国,熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。
对第一段的现象进行解释说明,可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-oldshasfallenbytenpercentsincethe1980s,saystheGermanFederalEmploymentAgency.Firmscompetingtohireyoungtalenthavetopromotethemearlierasaresult.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示,自上世纪80年代以来,15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。
因此,竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。
可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使,这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争,导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的”Peopletendtojudgetheirownstandingbythesuccessoftheirpeers,andtoseefailureinbeingbossedaboutbysomeoneyounger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位,并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。
可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候,他会认为自己是失败的。
故选C。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的”Amanagerwhoisyoungerbyoneyearissomewhatunsettling;agapof20yearsisfarmorediscouraging.“一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安;20年的差距更让人沮丧。
可推知老板年龄越年轻,员工的焦虑感越明显,故可推知划线句子意思是:
拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。
故选B。
(5)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的”Butyoungpeopletendtobesensitiveaboutmanagingupwards.Andolderworkersshouldbeencouragedtoseethebrightsideoflearningnewskills.Daimler,abigGermancarfirm,saysitpromotesage-mixedteams,sothatknowledgecanbetransferredbetweengenerations.Italsosupportsyoungmanagersbyaskingretiredemployeestoprovidetemporarysupport.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。
应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。
德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示,他们提倡年龄混合的团队,这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。
它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。
结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题,主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老,永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Evenifyou'veneverbeentoPhoenix,youknowthisabouttheplaceIt'shot.FromJunetoSeptember,thetemperaturecaneasilysurpassthecenturymark.Butthatdoesn'tstophikersfromattemptingthe1.3-milehikingtothetopofthecity'sfamedCamelbackMountain.Signswarnthatthetrailis"extremelydifficult".Ifyoucontinue,apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwate
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