动词的时态.docx
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动词的时态.docx
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动词的时态
动词的时态小结
一、时态的概念:
Tenseisjustlikewearingclothes.Wechangeourclothesaccordingtofourseasons.那么,什么是时态呢?
Tenseisthedifferentshapesofverbsatdifferenttimes.即时态是在不同的时间动词的表现形式。
二、时态的种类:
时态共分16种,见下表:
一般体
进行体
完成体
完成进行体
现在
√
√
√
过去
√
√
√
将来
√
过去将来
√
别着急,初中不要求掌握16种,掌握常见的8种就够了。
三、中考常见时态的讲解:
1.一般现在时:
表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday(year,month),once(twice,threetimes)aday,等时间状语连用。
Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.
Itakethemedicinethreetimesaday.
Shehelpshermotheronceaweek.
Mary’sfatherisapoliceman.
Thereare50studentsinmyclass.
表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.
ThemanwhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotarealman.
TomorrowisTuesday.
只有在主语是第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”,其他用动词的原形。
三单变化:
1.多数在动词后+splay—playslike—likes
(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---askswork---worksget---getsstay---stays
(2)以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watcheswish---wishesfix---fixesdo---does
go---goespass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
try---triesstudy---studiescry---criesfly---flies
2.不规则变化:
be----amisarehave----has
一般现在时的句子转换:
(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
例:
①陈述句:
Sheisastudent.
疑问句→
否定句→
②陈述句:
Icanswim.
疑问句→
否定句→
(2当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do(you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数),doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
例:
①陈述句:
Wegetupat7:
00everymorning.
疑问句→
否定句→
②陈述句:
Shehasalittlebrother.
疑问句→
否定句→
课堂练习:
(一).用动词的适当形式填空
1.She_________(go)toschoolatseveno’clock.
2.It’s6o’clock.Theyare_________(eat)supper.
3.Heusually___________upat17:
00.(get)
4.She___________(live)inBeijing.
5.Amy_________(be)herejustnow.
6._______(be)thereaflyonthetablejustnow?
7.Myfather__________(watch)TVeveryevening.
8.Myfather_______________(make)toysthesedays.
9.________Amy_________(read)Englisheveryday?
10.ChenJiesometimes_________(go)totheparkwithhersister.
(二).选择填空
1.Iwant___homeworknow.
A.doingB.todoC.todomyD.domy
2.It'stime______.
A.gotoschoolB.playgames
C.togohomeD.todomyhomework
3.______goandhelpher.
A.Let'smeB.Let'susC.Let'sD.Let'sto
4.Dotheyhaveanewcar?
Yes,_____.
A.theyareB.theyhaveC.theydon'tD.theydo
5.Heoften_________supperat6:
00intheevening.
A.haveB.hasc.ishavingD.iseating
6.We_____________anyChineseclassesonFriday.
A.arehavingB.aren’thavingC.don’thaveD.arehave
(三)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Heoften_________(have)dinnerathome.
2.DanielandTommy_________(be)inClassOne.
3.We_________(notwatch)TVonMonday.
4.Nick_________(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
5.they_________(like)theWorldCup?
6.Whattheyoften_________(do)onSaturdays?
7.yourparents_________(read)newspaperseveryday?
8.Thegirl_________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
9.SheandI_________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
10.There_________(be)somewaterinthebottle.
11.Mike_________(like)cooking.
12.They_________(have)thesamehobby.
13.Myaunt_________(look)afterherbabycarefully.
14.Youalways_________(do)yourhomeworkwell.
15.I_________(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.
16.She_________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.
17.LiuTao_________(do)notlikePE.
18.Thechildoften_________(watch)TVintheevening.
19.WangKaiandWangli______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.
20.-Whatday_________(be)ittoday?
-It’sSaturday.
1.Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?
(肯定回答)
2.Ihavemanybooks.(改为否定句)
3.GaoShan’ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis(改为否定句)
4.ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork.(改为一般疑问句)
5.IwatchTVeveryday.(改为一般疑问句)
6.Davidhasgotagoal.(改为一般疑问句)
7.Wehavefourlessons.(否定句)
8.Nancydoesn’trunfast(肯定句)
9.Mydogrunsfast.否定句:
一般疑问句:
10.Mikehastwolettersforhim.一般疑问句:
否定句:
一般过去时
1.一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。
常与过去时间yesterday,thismorning,justnow,amomentago,inMay,lastnight/year/week,onceuponatime,theotherday,before…,when–clause,inthepast连用。
如:
Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
昨天你干了什么?
ImetLinTaothismorning.今天上午我会到了林涛。
Iwasthereamomentago.刚才我在那儿。
2.一般过去时对谓语动词的要求
一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。
动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则:
(1)一般在动词后加-ed。
如:
play—played,offer—offered,weigh—weighed,destroy—destroyed,sign—signed.
(2)在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。
如:
like—liked,provide—provided,hate—hated,date—dated。
(3)在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加—ed。
如:
supply—supplied,fly—flied,study—studied.(from)
(4)符合一元一辅一重读的,双写最后的辅音字母再加ed。
如:
plan—planned,refer—referred,regret—regretted,ban—banned.
课堂练习
1.TomandTara___________(come)toJapanlastmonth.
2.John_________________(notgo)tobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.
Sohe______(get)uplatethismorning.
3.Peter__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.
4.Jack___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.
5.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkthedaybeforeyesterday.
6.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow,Mary(be)
7.-When_______you_________(come)toAustralia?
-Threeyearsago.
8._________(be)itcoldinyourcountryyesterday?
9.Howmanystudents________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?
10.There________(be)abasketballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,buthe_________(have)notimetowatchit.
句型转换
1.Fatherboughtmeanewwatch.(同义句)
Fatherbought______________________________me.
2.Peterreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑问句)
_______Peter_______aninterestingbookabouthistory?
3.He’scleaninghisclassroom.(划线提问)________he_______?
4.Whynotgooutforawalk?
(同义句)
_______________________outforawalk?
5.Thomasspent25yuanonthisdictionary.(否定句)
Thomas______________25yuanonthisdictionary.
6.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweekend.(划线提问)
________________________family_______lastweekend?
7.Hedidn’thaveanyfriends.(一般疑问句)
_______________have_______friends?
8.IthinksheisLily’ssister.(否定句)____________________
9.Sallyoftendidsomereadinginthemorninglastyear.(否定句)
Sally_______often______somereadinginthemorninglastyear.
10.TheyreadJapaneselastnight.
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
肯定/否定回答:
____________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
现在进行时
一、构成:
be+现在分词
肯定式:
主语+am/is/are+现在分词
否定式:
主语+am/is/arenot+现在分词
疑问式:
Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词
疑问否定式:
Am/Is/Are+主语+not+现在分词
二.用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作。
Thetelephoneisringing,wouldyouanswerit,please?
电话铃响了,请你接一下好吗?
Ihatewhattheyhavedone,whattheyaredoing,andwhattheywilldo.我憎恶他们过去、现在和将来的所作所为。
Wherearetheygoing?
他们上哪儿去?
Theyareworkingonadriedriverbed.他们在干涸的河床上工作。
2.表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。
Weareworkingonafarmthesedays.这些天我们在农场干活。
Mymotherismakingadressthesedays.我母亲这几天在做衣服。
He'spreparingfortheexamthesedays.他这些天在准备考试。
3.表示暂时性的动作。
Oh,I'mfeelingevenworse!
IthinkI'mgoingtodie!
哦,我感觉更糟了!
我想我快要死了!
Theambulanceisarriving.救护车就要来了。
Thefruitisripening.这果子快熟了。
4.在时间或条件从句中表示将来进行的动作。
Whenyouaretalkingwithhim,takecarenottomentionthis.你与他说话时小心别提这事儿。
Iftheyarenotdoingit,whatamItodo?
如果他们不干,那我该怎么办呢?
Willyoupostthisletterformeifyouarepassingapost-box?
如果你路过邮箱的话,愿意帮我寄这封信吗?
5某些表示位移、停留等的动词其现在进行时可表示按计划或不久之后肯定发生的动作或将要做的事。
这些动词有go,come,stay,leave,start,arrive等。
Well,youknowI'mgoingtoEnglandnextweekforaholiday.嗯,你知道我下周要去英格兰度假。
SheisleavingforLondonsoon.她很快就要去伦敦了。
HeiscomingherenextweekandwillstayhereuntilMay.他下星期来这儿,打算一直呆到5月。
Thebrokenboneisstartingtomend.骨折的地方正开始愈合。
6.表示反复出现或习惯性动作,往往含赞赏、遗憾、厌恶、不满等情绪。
这时常与always等副词连用。
Cageisalwaysmoaningaboutnotbeingtreatedequally.凯奇总是抱怨别人对她不公。
She'salwayschanginghermind.她老是改变主意。
Heisconstantlyleavinghisthingsabout.他老是把东西乱放。
Hisbigbrotherisalwaysorderinghimabout.他的大哥老是对他颐指气使。
7.表示一种渐变的过程。
It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气越来越暖和了。
Sheisfindingthatphysicsismoredifficultthanchemistry.她渐渐感到物理比化学难。
动词现在分词构成:
1.正常变化是在动词原型后加ing
如:
read----reading; drink---drinking;eat---eating; listen---listeningjump---jumping; wear---wearing; grow---growing; collect---collecting
2.以e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing(be和see除外)
如:
write---writing; make---making;
ride---riding; take---taking
3.符合一元一辅一重读规则的,要双写结尾的辅音字母再加ing
例如sit---sitting; swim---swimming; put---putting; run---runningget----getting
4.以w、x、y结尾的加ing如:
throwinggrowingfixingrelaxing
5.tie,die,和lie,ie变y再加ing
课堂练习
一用括号中动词的适当形式填空:
1.Myparents_______(watch)TVnow.
2.Look.Threeboys_______(run).
3.What_______yourmother_______(do)now?
4._______yourdog_______now?
(sleep)
5._______you_______(listen)tomusic?
Yes,Iam.
6.Look,MissChen_______football.(play)
7.Tomandhissister_______(wait)foryouoverthere.
8.NowClass3andClass4_______(have)atest.
9.Listen,someone_______(sing)intheclassroom.
10.——WhereisZhangYan?
——She_______(talk)withherteacherintheteacher’soffice.
11.Whatareyou_________(do)now?
I___________(eat)bread.
12.It’snineo’clock.Myfather_________(work)intheoffice.
13.Look,theboy____________(put)therubbishintothebin.
14.__________he__________(clean)theclassroom?
No,heisn’t.He____________(play).
15.WhereisMark?
He___________(run)onthegrass.
16.Listen,who____
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