高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题3阅读理解第二节一.docx
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高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题3阅读理解第二节一.docx
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高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题3阅读理解第二节一
第二节 推理判断题
一、细节推断题
(2019·江苏,C)
WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?
Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?
Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.
ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.
Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.
Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.
Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.
语篇解读 对于新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有的技术的认识和使用,影响对社会的认知。
61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.
A.alackofconfidenceintechnology
Baslowprogressintechnology
C.aconflictorpublicopinions
D.awasteoflimitedresources
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知,对于新技术影响的误判导致了对于稀缺资源的误用,故选D。
62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.
A.takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccount
B.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople
C.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport
D.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知,作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求,而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。
故本题答案为A。
63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?
A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.
B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.
C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.
D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段内容可知,随着通信和交通运输技术的发展,人们认为我们生活在一个“无国界的世界”,由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则,故本题答案为B。
64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.
B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.
C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.
D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
通读全文,尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However,ourfascination...wrongdirections.”可知,我们对于最新技术的入迷,和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估会将我们引向错误的方向,即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。
故B项符合文意。
一、题型解读
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
题干主要包括六个动词:
infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现:
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.
2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.
3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.
4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.
二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲
第一步:
定位细节——根据题干提供的信息,抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步:
揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析,推理判断,利用逆向思维和正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意:
1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。
2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
例如:
【真题感悟】中的第62题:
根据第四段中的“Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知,作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本要求,而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。
故本题答案为A。
A
Thisweek,amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite,whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst,theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.
“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection,however,itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.
AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight,BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday,andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit’sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It’s4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied,FishertellsDetroit’sWWJ-TV,“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”
11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby,accordingtotheFreePress,anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey’vebeencleanedanddried.
WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica,andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise(终止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans,butalsotochangingclimate.It’snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.
语篇解读 一位农民及其邻居在底特律附近的地里发现了猛犸象的尸骨,迹象表明它们是被人类捕杀的。
科学家们对此正在进行进一步的研究。
1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sold. C.It’sunique.D.It’sworthless.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段第一、二句“‘Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,’BristletellsAnnArborNews.‘Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.’”可知,JamesBristle和他邻居认为最早发现的猛犸象的肋骨是一根弯曲的栅栏柱子,没有什么价值。
故选D。
2.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?
A.Itmightdieinits40s.
B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.
C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.
D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段第三句“Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知,这头猛犸象死时大约40岁。
故选A。
3.WhichisDanielFisher’sopinion?
A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.
B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.
C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.
D.It’sunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoth’s.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段第四句“Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最后一句中的“...buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”可知,DanielFisher认为发现猛犸象的地方以前有人类活动的痕迹。
故选C。
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?
A.Driedtheirbones.
B.Tooktheirlives.
C.Destroyedtheirhome.
D.Preservedtheirmeat.
答案 B
解析 句意猜测题。
此处指现在人们相信在人类对它们进行最后的打击之前,气候变暖使猛犸象的数量减少了。
人类的最后打击指人类对猛犸象的大量捕杀。
故选B。
B
Barcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence,137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.
12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(长方形基督教堂),whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction,beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However,whenhesteppeddown,architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwon’tbefinisheduntil2026—onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.
Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped,thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta€36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed,butthearchitectfailedtodoso—proceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurch’spermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona,thecapitalcityofCatalonia,northeastSpain.
GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However,5interpretationofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.
TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepush
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