全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2011年考研英语一试题及参考答案
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”
But
someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilness
Laughterdoes
short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,
heart
rateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto
agoodlaughisunlikely
tohave
benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently
accomplishesthe
studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp
actoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof
theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,thefeedback,thatimproveanindividual’s
emotionalstate.
oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted
physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcryaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.
they
Althoughsadnessalso
tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow
muscular
responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.
1.[A]among
[B]except
[C]despite
[D]like
2.[A]reflect
[B]demend
[C]indicate
[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing
[B]boosting
[C]impairing
[D]determining
4.[A]transmit
[B]sustain
[C]evaluate
[D]observe
5.[A]measurable
[B]manageable
[C]affordable
[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn
[B]Infact
[C]Inaddition
[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite
[B]impossible
[C]average
[D]expected
8.[A]hardens
[B]weakens
[C]tightens
[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate
[B]generate
[C]morderate
[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subcinscious[D]intermal
11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]supresses
15.[A]into[B]form[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fecth[B]form[C]pick[D]hold
17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similatly[D]Conversely
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readingthefollowingfourstexts.AnswerthequestionbeloweachtextbyChoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic
Oneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwise
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumes
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncert
Onepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merely,expandingtheorchestra’srepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’aolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incuredcriticism
[B]raisedsuspicion[C]raceivedacclaim[D]aroundcuriousity
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential
[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented
23.Theautherbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ingoretheexpenseofliveperformance[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformance[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformanc[D]overestimatethevarietyofliveperformance
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninterrortoliveconcertsinquality
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralpublic[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic[D]Theyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces
25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeels[A]doubtful
[B]enthusisastic[C]confident[D]puzzled
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambition"wasverymuchmydecision,"McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
MaGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous
boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,"Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCItigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstiturionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,buthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong"
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing()
A.ArrogantB.frankC.self-centeredD.impulsive
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby()
A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus
B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife
C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards
D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals
28.Theword"poached"(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans()
A.approvedofB.attendedtoC.huntedforD.guardedagainst
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat()
A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts
B.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated
C.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations
D.it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.CEOs:
wheretoGO?
B.CEOs:
AlltheWayUp?
C.TopmanagersJumpwithoutaNet
D.TheOnlywayoutforTopPerformers
Text3
Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid"media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebesite.Thewayconsumenrsnowapproatchtheboardrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.
Paindandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorsforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedifinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthaotherorganizationpalcetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thiestrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfance,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurtherJohn&JOhnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies'marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.
Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:
anassetorcampaignbecomehostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,for
in
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