AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协议.docx
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AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协议.docx
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AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协议
AGREEMENTONTECHNICALBARRIERSTOTRADE
Members,
HavingregardtotheUruguayRoundofMultilateralTradeNegotiations;
DesiringtofurthertheobjectivesofGATT1994;
Recognizingtheimportantcontributionthatinternationalstandardsandconformityassessmentsystemscanmakeinthisregardbyimprovingefficiencyofproductionandfacilitatingtheconductofinternationaltrade;
Desiringthereforetoencouragethedevelopmentofsuchinternationalstandardsandconformityassessmentsystems;
Desiringhowevertoensurethattechnicalregulationsandstandards,includingpackaging,markingandlabellingrequirements,andproceduresforassessmentofconformitywithtechnicalregulationsandstandardsdonotcreateunnecessaryobstaclestointernationaltrade;
Recognizingthatnocountryshouldbepreventedfromtakingmeasuresnecessarytoensurethequalityofitsexports,orfortheprotectionofhuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth,oftheenvironment,orforthepreventionofdeceptivepractices,atthelevelsitconsidersappropriate,subjecttotherequirementthattheyarenotappliedinamannerwhichwouldconstituteameansofarbitraryorunjustifiablediscriminationbetweencountrieswherethesameconditionsprevailoradisguisedrestrictiononinternationaltrade,andareotherwiseinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement;
Recognizingthatnocountryshouldbepreventedfromtakingmeasuresnecessaryfortheprotectionofitsessentialsecurityinterest;
Recognizingthecontributionwhichinternationalstandardizationcanmaketothetransferoftechnologyfromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries;
Recognizingthatdevelopingcountriesmayencounterspecialdifficultiesintheformulationandapplicationoftechnicalregulationsandstandardsandproceduresforassessmentofconformitywithtechnicalregulationsandstandards,anddesiringtoassistthemintheirendeavoursinthisregard;
Herebyagreeasfollows:
Article1
GeneralProvisions
1.1Generaltermsforstandardizationandproceduresforassessmentofconformityshallnormally
havethemeaninggiventothembydefinitionsadoptedwithintheUnitedNationssystemandbyinternationalstandardizingbodiestakingintoaccounttheircontextandinthelightoftheobjectandpurposeofthisAgreement.
1.2However,forthepurposesofthisAgreementthemeaningofthetermsgiveninAnnex1applies.
1.3Allproducts,includingindustrialandagriculturalproducts,shallbesubjecttotheprovisions
ofthisAgreement.
1.4PurchasingspecificationspreparedbygovernmentalbodiesforproductionorconsumptionrequirementsofgovernmentalbodiesarenotsubjecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreementbutareaddressedintheAgreementonGovernmentProcurement,accordingtoitscoverage.
1.5TheprovisionsofthisAgreementdonotapplytosanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresasdefinedinAnnexAoftheAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures.
1.6AllreferencesinthisAgreementtotechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresshallbeconstruedtoincludeanyamendmentstheretoandanyadditionstotherulesortheproductcoveragethereof,exceptamendmentsandadditionsofaninsignificantnature.
TECHNICALREGULATIONSANDSTANDARDS
Article2
Preparation,AdoptionandApplicationofTechnicalRegulations
byCentralGovernmentBodies
Withrespecttotheircentralgovernmentbodies:
2.1Membersshallensurethatinrespectoftechnicalregulations,productsimportedfromtheterritoryofanyMembershallbeaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtolikeproductsofnationaloriginandtolikeproductsoriginatinginanyothercountry.
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2.2Membersshallensurethattechnicalregulationsarenotprepared,adoptedorappliedwitha
viewtoorwiththeeffectofcreatingunnecessaryobstaclestointernationaltrade.Forthispurpose,technicalregulationsshallnotbemoretrade-restrictivethannecessarytofulfilalegitimateobjective,takingaccountoftherisksnon-fulfilmentwouldcreate.Suchlegitimateobjectivesare,interalia:
nationalsecurityrequirements;thepreventionofdeceptivepractices;protectionofhumanhealthorsafety,animalorplantlifeorhealth,ortheenvironment.Inassessingsuchrisks,relevantelementsofconsiderationare,interalia:
availablescientificandtechnicalinformation,relatedprocessingtechnologyorintendedend-usesofproducts.
2.3Technicalregulationsshallnotbemaintainedifthecircumstancesorobjectivesgivingriseto
theiradoptionnolongerexistorifthechangedcircumstancesorobjectivescanbeaddressedinalesstrade-restrictivemanner.
2.4Wheretechnicalregulationsarerequiredandrelevantinternationalstandardsexistortheircompletionisimminent,Membersshallusethem,ortherelevantpartsofthem,asabasisfortheirtechnicalregulationsexceptwhensuchinternationalstandardsorrelevantpartswouldbeanineffectiveorinappropriatemeansforthefulfilmentofthelegitimateobjectivespursued,forinstancebecauseoffundamentalclimaticorgeographicalfactorsorfundamentaltechnologicalproblems.
2.5AMemberpreparing,adoptingorapplyingatechnicalregulationwhichmayhaveasignificanteffectontradeofotherMembersshall,upontherequestofanotherMember,explainthejustificationforthattechnicalregulationintermsoftheprovisionsofparagraphs2to4.Wheneveratechnicalregulationisprepared,adoptedorappliedforoneofthelegitimateobjectivesexplicitlymentionedinparagraph2,andisinaccordancewithrelevantinternationalstandards,itshallberebuttablypresumednottocreateanunnecessaryobstacletointernationaltrade.
2.6Withaviewtoharmonizingtechnicalregulationsonaswideabasisaspossible,Members
shallplayafullpart,withinthelimitsoftheirresources,inthepreparationbyappropriateinternationalstandardizingbodiesofinternationalstandardsforproductsforwhichtheyeitherhaveadopted,orexpecttoadopt,technicalregulations.
2.7Membersshallgivepositiveconsiderationtoacceptingasequivalenttechnicalregulationsof
otherMembers,eveniftheseregulationsdifferfromtheirown,providedtheyaresatisfiedthattheseregulationsadequatelyfulfiltheobjectivesoftheirownregulations.
2.8Whereverappropriate,Membersshallspecifytechnicalregulationsbasedonproductrequirementsintermsofperformanceratherthandesignordescriptivecharacteristics.
2.9Wheneverarelevantinternationalstandarddoesnotexistorthetechnicalcontentofaproposedtechnicalregulationisnotinaccordancewiththetechnicalcontentofrelevantinternationalstandards,andifthetechnicalregulationmayhaveasignificanteffectontradeofotherMembers,Membersshall:
2.9.1publishanoticeinapublicationatanearlyappropriatestage,insuchamannerastoenableinterestedpartiesinotherMemberstobecomeacquaintedwithit,thattheyproposetointroduceaparticulartechnicalregulation;
2.9.2notifyotherMembersthroughtheSecretariatoftheproductstobecoveredbytheproposedtechnicalregulation,togetherwithabriefindicationofitsobjectiveandrationale.Suchnotificationsshalltakeplaceatanearlyappropriatestage,whenamendmentscanstillbeintroducedandcommentstakenintoaccount;
2.9.3uponrequest,providetootherMembersparticularsorcopiesoftheproposed
technicalregulationand,wheneverpossible,identifythepartswhichinsubstancedeviatefromrelevantinternationalstandards;
2.9.4withoutdiscrimination,allowreasonabletimeforotherMemberstomakecommentsinwriting,discussthesecommentsuponrequest,andtakethesewrittencommentsandtheresultsofthesediscussionsintoaccount.
2.10Subjecttotheprovisionsinthelead-intoparagraph9,whereurgentproblemsofsafety,health,environmentalprotectionornationalsecurityariseorthreatentoariseforaMember,thatMembermayomitsuchofthestepsenumeratedinparagraph9asitfindsnecessary,providedthattheMember,uponadoptionofatechnicalregulation,shall:
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2.10.1notifyimmediatelyotherMembersthroughtheSecretariatoftheparticulartechnicalregulationandtheproductscovered,withabriefindicationoftheobjectiveandtherationaleofthetechnicalregulation,includingthenatureoftheurgentproblems;
2.10.2uponrequest,provideotherMemberswithcopiesofthetechnicalregulation;
2.10.3withoutdiscrimination,allowotherMemberstopresenttheircommentsinwriting,discussthesecommentsuponrequest,andtakethesewrittencommentsandtheresultsofthesediscussionsintoaccount.
2.11MembersshallensurethatalltechnicalregulationswhichhavebeenadoptedarepublishedpromptlyorotherwisemadeavailableinsuchamannerastoenableinterestedpartiesinotherMemberstobecomeacquaintedwiththem.
2.12Exceptinthoseurgentcircumstancesreferredtoinparagraph10,MembersshallallowareasonableintervalbetweenthepublicationoftechnicalregulationsandtheirentryintoforceinordertoallowtimeforproducersinexportingMembers,andparticularlyindevelopingcountryMembers,toadapttheirproductsormethodsofproductiontotherequirementsoftheimportingMember.
Article3Preparation,AdoptionandApplicationofTechnicalRegulationsbyLocalGovernmentBodiesandNon-GovernmentalBodiesWithrespecttotheirlocalgovernmentandnon-governmentalbodieswithintheirterritories:
3.1MembersshalltakesuchreasonablemeasuresasmaybeavailabletothemtoensurecompliancebysuchbodieswiththeprovisionsofArticle2,withtheexceptionoftheobligationtonotifyasreferredtoinparagraphs9.2and10.1ofArtic
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- 关 键 词:
- AgreementonTechnicalBarrierstoTrade 世界贸易组织 贸易 技术壁垒 协议
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