专业八级766.docx
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专业八级766.docx
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专业八级766
专业八级-766
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
二、SECTIONA(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
三、Cosmeticsarenowmorepopularthaneverbefore.(总题数:
1,分数:
10.00)
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
safetyofcosmetics)
解析:
[听力原文]1-10
Neverbeforehavesomanycosmeticsbeenavailabletomakemenandwomenmoreattractive,moredesirable,andmoresociallyacceptable.NeverbeforehaveAmericansusedsuchawidevarietyandlargevolumeofcosmeticproducts.
Mostoftheseproductsaresafeforuse,butitisveryimportantthatyouobservesomecommon-sensesafetyroles.TheFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDA,isthefederalagencywhichhasbeenassignedbytheCongresstoassurethesafetyoftheAmericancosmeticssupply.TheFederalFood,Drug,andCosmeticArtdefinesacosmeticasanarticlewhichistoberubbed,poured,sprinkled,orsprayedontothebodytocleanse,beautify,promoteattractiveness,orchangeappearance.
ThelawgivestheFDAauthoritytotakelegalactionagainstacosmeticonlyafteritsdangerscanbeprovedinacourtoflaw.TheFDAdoesnothaveauthoritytoreviewthesafetyofcosmeticsortheiringredientsbeforetheyaresoldtothepublic.
Tofulfillitsdutyunderthelaw,theFDAconstantlytestscosmeticproductsforunsafesubstancesorharmfulbacteria.Thepriorityforthistestingisbasedonconsumercomplaintsaboutspecificcosmeticproducts.Wheneveratrendseemstobedevelopinginconsumercomplaints,theFDAgivesitsattentiontothegroupofcosmeticscausingthesecomplaints.
Amongthetypesofproductswhichcausemostcomplaintsaredeodorantsandantiperspirants,hairpreparations,andmakeupfortheeyes.Oftentheadverseeffect,reportedbytheconsumer,isnotseriousanddisappearswhenuseoftheparticularproductisdiscontinued.Butimproperuseofsomecosmeticscancauseseriousandpermanentinjury.
Inthepastfewyears,thecosmeticsindustryhascomealongwayinprovidingfurtherguaranteesthatcosmeticsaresafeandproperlylabeled.Cosmeticscompaniestesttheirproducts,eitherintheirownlaboratoriesorthroughotherlaboratories.
Recently,thecosmeticsindustrytradeassociation,theCosmetic,ToiletryandFragranceAssociation(CTFA),developedwiththeFDAavoluntaryprogramwhichshouldassisttheFDA'seffortsinassuringthatcosmeticsareharmless.ThefirststepoftheprogramisthevoluntarylistingofcosmeticfirmswiththeFDA.ThesecondstepcallsforthemanufacturerstolistwiththeFDAtheingredientsintheirproducts,exceptforflavorsandfragrances.ThethirdsteprequirescompaniestoprovidetheFDAwithinformationonallconsumercomplaintstheyreceive.
Theseprogramsshouldcontributetowardevengreaterassurancesthatcosmeticswillbesafe.
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
appearance)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
harmful)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
authority)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
bacteria)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
preparations)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
laboratories)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
voluntarylisting)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
products)
解析:
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
programs)
解析:
四、SECTIONB(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
五、Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.
Nowlistentotheinterview.
(总题数:
1,分数:
5.00)
(分数:
5.00)
A.Onlythediseasedpartofthebodyistreated. √
B.Thedoctortreatsthewholeperson.
C.Thewholepersonandthediseasedpartarebothtreated.
D.Patientsaretreatedinaconventionalway.
解析:
[听力原文]1-5
Interviewer:
Iunderstandyou'reinterestedinholisticmedicine.Canyouexplainwhatholisticmedicineis?
Vivienne:
OK.Holisticmedicine...nm...takesintoconsiderationthewholeoftheperson.Nowwhatthismeansin...sinmostholisticsystemsisregardingthepersonasaphysicalentity,amentaloremotionalperson,andalsoeventheirspiritualsideofthem.Urn...italsoincludeslookingatthebodyasawholeratherthanlookingatindividualpartsofthebody,andasawayofexplainingthis,wecouldlookatconventionalmedicineasproducingpeoplewhoarelikeacardiologist,wholooksataheart..,um...abrainspecialist,apersonwhodealswithbones..,er...etc.Sowhatwe'vetendedtodoinconventionalmedicineistobreakthingsdowntoapointwherewe'reactuallyonlylookingatonepartofthepersonandwe'renotactuallyrelatingterriblywellthatparttotherestofthebody,whereasholisticmedicineinsiststhatifthereisaproblem..,er...withyourrightfoot,thatisgoingtosomehow..,um...affectyourentirebody.
Interviewer:
Um...yourspecialityisacupuncture.Er...isthatapartofholisticmedicine?
Vivienne:
Acupunctureisverymuchaholisticsystem.Urn...traditionallytheChineseregardedthepersonverymuchasawholeentityandacupunctureitselfworksonanenergysystembasically,andinaverysimplifiedway,it'ssayingthat..,er...youhaveanenergysystemwithinyourbodyandwhenthatenergybecomesblockedortaintedinsomeway,thenyouwillmanifestcertainsymptomsandthethingsthatwelookatinconventionalmedicineasthingslikearthritisorrheumatismare,totheChinese,merelyanimbalanceoftheenergy.Sointhisway,theymaysaytoyou,well,yes,youhaverheumatoidarthritisbutwe'regoingtoactuallylookatyourenergybalanceandrebalanceyou,andasaresult,yoursymptomsshoulddisappear.
Interviewer:
Urn...isacupunctureessentiallyaformofpreventativemedicine?
Vivienne:
Traditionally,itwas,verymuch.Um...infact,traditionally..,inChina,peopleonlyusedtopaythedoctorwhiletheywerewellandtheyusedtogototheirdoctorfairlyregularlyon,youknow,maybefourorfivetimesayear,andtheywouldonlypaythedoctorwhentheywerekeptwell.Andiftheygotsick,theydidn'tpaythedoctor.Andthedoctorhadvariousmethodsofwhichacupuncturewasone,dietwasanother,exercisewasanother..,er...ofensuringthatthepersonlivedarightlifestyleandtheiremphasiswasonifyou'relivingarightlifestyle,ifyou'relivingintunewiththelawsoftheuniverse,goingtosleepwhenit'sdark,wakingupwhenit'slight,working,resting,doingallthesethingsproperly,thenyouwon'tgetsick.Unfortunately,ourwayoflookingatlifeintheWestisverydifferentinthatwetendtostruggleoninspiteofourheadacheandnottaketerrii~lymuchnoticeofourbodywhenthingsarenotquitefightandwetendtostruggleonuntilwefalloverandwegetcartedofftohospitalinanambulance.Andso,acupunctureintheWest,unfortunatelyinawayhascometobenotthepreventativemedicinethatitcouldbebecausewe'renottakingresponsibilityenoughforourselvesingoingalongandmakingsurethatwestaywell.
A.Itworksonrheumatism.
B.Itworksonblood.
C.Itworksonarmsandlegs.
D.Itworksonenergybalance. √
解析:
A.Doctorstreatedthepatients.
B.Doctorswerepaidtokeeppeoplewell. √
C.Peoplewerefrightenedofdoctors.
D.Theytreatedeachotherasfriends.
解析:
A.Peoplepreferadoctorofholisticmedicine.
B.Peopledon'tconsultadoctoreveniftheyareill.
C.peopledon'tgotoseeadoctoruntiltheyareiii. √
D.Peopleoftenvisitadoctorwhethertheyareiiiornot.
解析:
A.Westernersarecrazyaboutwork. √
B.Westernersemphasizeprevention.
C.TheChinesepreferconventionalmedicine.
D.TheChineseemphasizetreatment.
解析:
六、SECTIONC(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
七、Questions6to8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.
Nowlistentothenews.
(总题数:
1,分数:
3.00)
(分数:
3.00)
A.theexecutivebranch,president,andlegislativebranch.
B.thepresident,congress,andthelegislativebranch.
C.theexecutive,legislativeandjudicialdepartment. √
D.thesupremecourt,judicialandexecutivebranch.
解析:
[听力原文]6-8
TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,thehighestlawoftheland,dividesgovernmentalpoweramongthreeseparateandco-equalbranches:
theexecutiveorpresident,thelegislativewhichincludesbothHousesofCongressandtheJudicialwiththeSupremeCourtasitshead.
AlthoughAlexanderHamilton,oneofthecountry'sfoundersdescribedtheFederalJudiciaryas"beyondcomparison,theweakestofthethreedepartments",UScourtsdohaveavarietyofjudicialpowersvestedinthembytheConstitution.RexLee,alawyerandformerSolicitorGeneraloftheUnitedStates,saysthatbeyondthoseacceptedjudicialpowersthecourts.alsoexerciseafarmoreimportantone.
Inexercisingitspowerofjudicialreview,theSupremeCourthasvoidedordeclaredunconstitutionalover1,000statelawsandmorethan100federallaws.Inthelast50years,theCourthasuseditsauthoritymostoftenindefenceofcivilliberties.Priortothat,judicialreviewwasusedmainlytoprotectpropertyrights.Understandablythepowerofjudicialreviewhasbeencontroversial.Whilemostpeopledefendthejudiciary'sroleasinterpreterofconstitutionallaw,criticschargethattheSupremeCourthasexceededitsintendedauthorityand.alsohasplayedtoobigaroleinshapingAmericanpublicpolicy.
A.isthestrongestamongthethree.
B.istheweakestamongthethree. √
C.makespublicpolicies.
D.makesFederalLaws.
解析:
A.declared100federallawsunconstitutional
B.declaredover1,000statelawsand100federallawsunconstitutional
C.defendedcivillibertiesmoreoftenthanpropertyrights √
D.defendedpropertyrightsmoreoftenthancivilrights
解析:
八、Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachqu
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