初三下学期知识点.docx

初三下学期知识点.docx

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初三下学期知识点

初三（下学期）英语知识点归纳

第一大类：

英语语法归纳

1、现在完成时

附注：

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1）规则变化

情况例词读音与说明

动词原形过去式过去分词

一般在动词原形后加-edlook

call

open

need

looked

called

opened

needed

looked

called

opened

needed 

 ①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]

②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.

以-e结尾的动词加-dmove

phone

hope

agree

moved

phoned

hoped

agreed

moved

phoned

hoped

agreed

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，

再加-ed

study

carry

try

studied

carried

tried

以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed

play

enjoy

stay

played

enjoyed

stayed

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed

stop

plan

fit

stopped

planned

fitted

以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-ed

prefer

refer 

preferred

referred

2）不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。

1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

例：

cut（切）

hit（打）

cast（扔）

hurt（伤害）

put（放）

let（让）

shut（关）

cost（花费）

set（放）

rid（清除）

2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。

例：

find（找到）

pay（支付）

leave（离开）

lend（借出）

meet（遇见）

keep（保持）

lose（丢失）

teach（教）

sit（坐）

lead（引导）

win（赢）除）

found

paid

left

lent

met

kept

lost

taught

sat

led

won

3．动词原形与过去分词同形

例：

原形过去式过去分词

come（来）

run（跑）

become（成为）

came

ran

became

come

run

become

4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

例：

原形过去式过去分词

give（给）

fly（飞）

drink（喝）

see（看见）

go（去）

know（知道）

wear（穿）

speak（说）

gave

flew

drank

saw

went

knew

wore

spoke

given

flown

drunk

seen

gone

known

worn

spoken

5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式

例：

原形过去式过去分词

burn（燃烧）

burnedburnt

burnedburnt

learn（学习）

learnedlearnt

learnedlearnt

smell（闻）

smelledsmelt

smelledsmelt

spell（拼写）

spelledspelt

spelledspelt

shine（照射）

shinedshone

shinedshone

leap（跳）

leapedleapt

leapedleapt

提示

a.beat的过去式与原形同形：

比：

beat（打击）beat（过去式）beaten（过去分词）

b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

比：

lielied,lied（说谎）

lay,lain（躺，位于）

c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同

比：

hanghanged,hanged（处绞刑）

hung,hung（挂，吊）

d.welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词

比：

welcomewelcomed,welcomed（正）

welcome,welcome（误）

e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比：

hit（打）hit,hit（正）

hitted,hitted（误）

2、被动语态（见附页）

初中被动语态40道经典练习题

1）Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.

　　A）designed　　B）hasbeendesigned　　C）willbedesigned　　D）willhavebeendesigned

2）Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.

　　A）willalreadyhavestarted　　B）wouldalreadyhavestarted

　　C）shallhavealreadystarted　　D）hasalreadybeenstarted

3）Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.

A）istaken　　B）takes　　C）willbetaken　D）hastaken

4）Diamond____inBrazilin1971.

　　A）isfound　　B）hasbeenfound　　C）wasfound　　D）hadbeenfound

5）“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?

”“Notyet.Theroom____.”

　　A）hasbeenpainted　　B）ispainted　　C）paints　　D）isbeingpainted

6）Mypictures____untilnextFriday.

　　A）won'tdevelop　　B）aren'tdeveloped　　C）don'tdevelop　　D）won'tbedeveloped

7）Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.

　　A）hadbeenunemployed　　B）wasunemployed　C）hasbeenunemployedD）hasunemployed

8）Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.

　A）hasbeenestablishB）havebeenestablishedC）haveestablished　　D）hadbeenestablished

9）I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.

　　A）wouldbefined　　B）willbefined　　C）willbeingfined　　D）willhavebeenfined

10）“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?

”

　　A）Theyhavebeengiven　B）Ihavebeengiven　C）Iamgiven　　D）Theyhavegiventome

11）Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.

　　A）isannounced　B）havebeenannounced　　C）areannounced　　D）hasbeenannounced

12）Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.

　　A）was　　B）had　　C）hadbeen　　D）is

13）Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.

A）werejustunloadingB）werejustbeenunloadingC）hadjustunloadedD）werejustbeingunloaded

14）Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.

　　A）overcomes　　B）isovercome　　C）hasbeenovercome　　D）overcome

15）Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.

　　A）wasnot　　B）werenot　　C）werenotbeing　　D）hadnotbeen

16）Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.

　　A）Ismell　　B）itissmelt　　C）itsmells　　D）itissmelling

17）Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.

　　A）hadbeenwon　　B）iswon　　C）willbewon　　D）hasbeenwon

18）Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.

　　A）is　　B）was　　C）hadbeen　　D）hasbeen

19）Theyoungteacherhas____competent.

　　A）beenprovedtobe　　B）provedtobe　　C）beenproved　　D）provedbeing

20）Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.

　　A）discovered　　B）wasdiscovered　　C）bydiscovery　　D）whendiscovered

21）Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.

　　A）ourseatshadtobechanged　　B）ourseatswerechanged

　　C）wehadtochangeourseats　　D）ourseatswerechangedbyus

22）Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.

　　A）created　　B）hascreated　　C）hasbeencreated　　D）hadbeencreated

23）Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.

　　A）mustbepaidto　　B）oughttobepaidto　　C）mustpayto　　D）shouldbepaidto

24）Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.

　　A）havetaken　　B）havebeentaken　　C）havebeentaking　　D）havebeentaking

25）Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.

　　A）shavingsbeengiven　　B）tohavebeengiven　　C）shavingsgiven　　D）tohavegiven

26）Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.

　　A）know　　B）beknown　　C）beingknown　　D）tobeknown

27）Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.

A）mustbecompletedB）musthavebeencompletedC）willbecompletingD）willhavebeencompleting

28）TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.

　　A）wasbrought　　B）couldhavebeenbrought　　C）hadbeenbrought　　D）wastobebrought

29）Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.

　　A）isbelongedto　　B）belonged　　C）belongs　　D）isbelonging

30）Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.

　　A）istobeopened　　B）isonthepointofopening　　C）isgoingtoopen　　D）opens

31）Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.

　　A）hasnotexplained　　B）hasnotbeenexplained　　C）didnotexplained　　D）werenotexplained

32）Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.

　　A）wereconducting　　B）wereconducted　　C）hadbeenconducted　　D）hadconducted

33）Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.

　　A）tailed　　B）beentailed　　C）wastailed　　D）hadbeentailed

34）Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.

　　A）isinterviewing　　B）beinginterviewed　　C）isbeinginterviewed　　D）interviewing

35）Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.

　　A）building　　B）build　　C）built　　D）tobuild

36）Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.

　　A）mustkeepto　　B）mustbekept　　C）mustkeep　　D）mustbekeptup

37）Thecomposition____anymore.

　　A）neednottobecorrected　　B）doesn'tneedtobecorrected

　　C）doesn'tneedbecorrected　　D）neednotcorrect

38）Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterday

　　A）toberobbed　　B）tohavekeenrobbed　　C）robbed　　D）shavingsbeenrobbed

39）Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.

　　A）willhavesold　　B）willsell　　C）havesold　　D）willhavebeensold

40）Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.

　　A）wasdamaged　　B）shouldbedamaged　　C）damagedD）wouldbedamaged

　　被动语态部分练习题答案：

　　1）C2）A3）A4）C5）D6）D7）C8）B9）B10）B11）D12）C13）D14）B15）B16）C17）A18）A19）B20）B21）C22）D23）A24）C25）A26）C27）A28）C29）C30）A31）B32）C33）A34）C35）A36）B37）B38）B39）D40）B

2、定语从句（见附页）

1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.

　　A.running;that                      B.run;who

　　C.running;who                       D.run;that

　　2.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.

　　A.when                                   B.where

　　C.that                                   D.onwhich

　　3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin2008.

　　A.where                                  B.when

　　C.which                                  D.how

　　4.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.

　　A.thatthelittlegirlaskshim       B.thelittlegirlaskshimto

　　C.forthelittlegirltoaskhim      D.whatthelittlegirlaskshim

　　5.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?

　　—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephone

　　numberisprovided.

　　A.which                                  B.inwhich

　　C.ofwhich                               D.whose

　　6.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.

　　A.when                                    B.that

　　C.what                                    D.which

　　7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.

　　A.when                                    B.where

　　C.which                                   D.whose

　　8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.

　　A.which                                   B.where

　　C.when                                    D.what

　　9.Ihop