专题12 名词性从句高考英语考纲解读及热点难点.docx
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专题12 名词性从句高考英语考纲解读及热点难点.docx
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专题12名词性从句高考英语考纲解读及热点难点
名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目,主要考查对连接词的正确把握。
分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现,连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。
另外,在同位语从句中,经常考查that的用法。
除此之外,其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。
1.(2013·北京,31)________makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which
2.(2013·湖南,28)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell______closeyoumaybetovictory.
A.howB.thatC.whichD.where
3.(2013·江西,30)________oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.
A.WhoeverB.Whatever
C.WhicheverD.Wherever
4.(2013·山东,30)It'sgoodtoknow________thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe'reaway.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
5.(2013·陕西,20)Itremainstobeseen________thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
6.(2013·天津,15)________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What
7.(2013·新课标Ⅰ,26)Policehavefound________appearstobethelostancientstatue.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
8.(2013·浙江,16)Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief________youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.
A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether
9.(2013·安徽,21)Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis________aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether
10.(2013·四川,6)________yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.
A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That
考点1、考查连接词“that与what”
【例1】Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.whichC.thatD.what
【例2】Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeout________itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
【例3】Beforetheproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious________theproblemitselfis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why
【变式探究】
1.________seemstobeastrongcompetitioninChinaforseniorhighstudentstoenteruniversitiesdoesexistinothercountriesaswell.
A.ItB.WhichC.WhatD.That
2.MealsinSpainarequitedifferentfrom________theyhaveinChina.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whom
3.Believeitornot,I'msurethatis________peoplecallthesixsense.
A.whenB.whatC.whichD.why
【方法总结】
that用于定语从句、宾语从句,what用于宾语从句、主语从句。
做题时,首先通过分析句子结构来确定是什么类型的从句;其次看从句中缺哪种成分,缺主语或宾语就考虑用代词what,who,whatever,whoever等,否则就考虑用副词。
若不缺少任何句子成分就用that。
考点2/查连接词“if与whether”
【例4】Itdoesn'tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why
【例5】We'veofferedherthejob,butIdon'tknow________she'llacceptit.
A.whereB.whatC.whetherD.which
【例6】Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
【变式探究
4.Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.
A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where
5.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee________itgotanybetter.
A.whenB.howC.whyD.if
【变式探究
只用whether不用if的情况:
whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并放在句首时,用whether;
b.引导表语从句时,用whether;
c.引导宾语从句并作介词宾语时,用whether;
d.从句后有“ornot”时,用whether;
e.后接动词不定式时,用whether。
考点3、同位语从句
【例7】Imadeapromisetomyself________thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
【例8】Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon________themeetingwouldbepostponed.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
【例9】Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence________smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
【变式探究
6.________wasknowntousallthatJohnsonhadbrokenhispromise________hewouldgiveeachofusasmallgift.
A.As;whichB.What;that
C.It;thatD.It;which
7.Whenthenewscame________thewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.
A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because
8.Haveyounoticedtheproblem________heisnowinlowspirits?
________come?
A.where;WhatB.that;How
C.inwhich;ForD.what;As
【方法规律】
连接代词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
连接代词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词如news,word(消息),idea,fact,hope,desire,thought等之后,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连接代词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的,不缺任何成分。
关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。
因此,that引导的定语从句是残缺的。
如:
Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(同位语从句,不缺任何成分)
我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。
Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.(定语从句,缺少宾语)
我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。
考点4、主语从句
【例10】Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that
【例11】________wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.
A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As
【变式探究
9.Itdoesn'tmatter________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.
A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when
10.Itwasneverclear________themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.why
11.________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.
A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who
【方法规律
1.引导词
(1)从属连词作引导词:
that,whether,if。
(2)连接代词作引导词:
what,who,which,whatever,whoever。
(3)连接副词作引导词:
how,when,where,why
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.
他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
常用句型
注意:
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that(should)+do...
Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that(should)+do...
考点4、宾语从句
【例12】Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.
A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever
【例13】Theshockingnewsmademerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.why
【例14】Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeout________itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
【变式探究】
12.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
A.whereverB.however
C.whateverD.whichever
13.Wepromise________attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
14.Scientistsstudy________humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
【归纳总结】
1.that通常不可省略的情况
(1)主语从句中,that从句置于句首时;
(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;
(3)由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。
2.wh-ever与nomatterwh-的用法区别
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句。
如:
WhateverIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentome.
=NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentome.
无论我说什么,他都不会听我的。
(让步状语从句)
HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.
我说什么他都信。
(宾语从句)
另外,在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,ever起强调作用,意为“究竟、到底”。
如:
Whereverhaveyoubeen?
你究竟去了哪里?
难点1、表语从句
【例1】I'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that's________I'ddoifIhadthemoney.
A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what
【例2】I'mafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis________heneverfinishesanything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
【例3】PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was________itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
【变式探究】
1.—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.
—That's________Idon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.what
2.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas________wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.why
3.Enginesaretomachines________heartsaretoanimals.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.which
【拓展提高】
1.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,whom,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。
如:
Theproblemisthatwedidn'tgetintouchwithhim.
注意:
①当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainthismorning.
②whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
1.Afterthreehours'climbing,theyreached________theythoughtwastheplacethey'dbeendreamingof.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that
2.Aplanhasbeenputforward________moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountry.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
3.Itisprettywellunderstood________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
4.—Youcan'timagine________fantasticfunonlinechattingis.
—Really?
Butitmaycausealotoftroublesometimes.
A.whatB.howC.whyD.so
5.________madetheschoolproudwas________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;becauseB.What;that
C.That;whatD.That;because
6.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
7.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where
8.Itwasamatterof________wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
9.________youhaveseenbothfighters,________willwin?
A.Since;doyouthinkwho
B.As;whoyouthink
C.When;whoever
D.Since;whodoyouthink
10.China'ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows________ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatest
powersinspaceresearch.
A.whatB.whichC./D.itthat
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