完整word版高考英语宾语从句专题讲解.docx
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完整word版高考英语宾语从句专题讲解.docx
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完整word版高考英语宾语从句专题讲解
高考英语宾语从句专题讲解
一、定义和宾从例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A作动词的宾语:
Iheardthenews.
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
B作介词的宾语:
Hesaidnothingabouttheplan.
Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。
连接词有:
that(可省略),what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.
1Hesuggested(that)weshouldcleanthecorridoreveryday.
宾语
2Hetoldme(that)hewouldleaveDalianairportat8pm.
间接宾语直接宾语
3Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravelthatsummer.
间接宾语直接宾语
4Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.
在例子4中,当主句是过去时态时(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种,(大自然的现象和真理除外)。
5HeiswantingtoknowwhatIcancookfordinner.
在例子5中,当主语是现在时态时(一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,现在完成时),从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
时态:
1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
三、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.
连接代词
连接代词:
who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whoever,whatever,whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?
Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow..
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:
leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
(如:
Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
)
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
that引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用,本身没有意义,在口语或非正式文件中可以省略.
例:
Shesaid(that)shewasgoingtostudyFrench.她说她准备去学法语.
提示:
1.如果谓语动词后跟有两个或更多个并列的宾语从句,第二个(和第三个)连接词不可省略.
例:
Iforgot(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatmyteacherhadsaidhewouldnotacceptlatepapers.
2.主句中有it作形式宾语,that不可省
例:
Wethinkitisimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.
3.宾语从句主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语,引导词that不可省
例:
Shetoldmethatthatnightwasverycold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷.
4.inthat,exceptthat后接宾语从句时,引导词that不可省
例:
Criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpstocorrectourmistakes.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
英语宾语从句考点
一、关联词
关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”,是宾语从句的重要组成部分。
连词:
1.连接代词(that,who,whom,what,which)
2.连接副词(when,where,why,how)
3.从属连词(if,whether)由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句,用if或whether引导.
在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则,结合上下文选用恰当的连词。
如:
1.Idon’tknowwhowillbeourheadteachernextsemester.缺指人的主语用who,如缺指物的主语则用what。
2.Idoubtwhatmyepalwillwritesoon.缺指物的宾语用what,如缺指人的宾语则用whom。
3.Ithinkthatmydeskmatewillgetthroughallthemajorsubjects.句子不缺成分,用that;如果that后跟有代词,可省略that。
4.Sheletmeknowwhenthemeetingwouldbeheld.缺时间状语,用when;缺地点状语,用where;缺原因状语,用why;缺方式状语,用how。
5.Idon’tknowwhich/whattopicIshouldchoose.缺定语,用what或which。
6.Theteacheraskedwhether/ifIwasgettingreadyforthecomingtest.表示“是否(有,能,已经……)”等含义,用whether或if。
7.I’dbeinterestedtoknowwhetherhewillseethemovie“Dawn”ornot.强调是否对比时,用连词whether。
例1 Acomputercanonlydo _____youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.how B.after C.what D.when
例2 Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.why B.what C.who D.that
例3 Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor________hethoughtwasnotenough.
A.where B.how C.what D.which
例4 Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.
A.inwhich B.inwhat C.fromwhat D.fromwhich
例5 Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.
A.what B.which C.why D.while
二、语序
以从属连词(if,whether)、连接代词(what,which,who,whose)和连接副词(when,where,how,why)等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例6 Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
例7 Thebosswentuptoask_____.
A.whatthematterwas B.what’sthematterC.whatwasthematter D.whatthematteris
三、时态
宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:
1.如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,从句谓语动词时态可不受约束;
2.如果主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应;
Eg.Ithoughthehadgonetotowntoday.
3.当从句叙述的是客观真理时,其谓语动词仍用现在时态。
如:
Eg.Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.
例8 Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets________.
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbookedC.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
例9 Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleave C.hadleftD.hadbeenaway
例10 —Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?
—No,butsometimesIwishI_________.
A.havetimeB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.hadtimeto
四、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11 I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.
A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects
例12 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.
A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit
例13 Themotherdidn’tknow_____toblameforthebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.
A.who B.when C.how D.what
五、宾语从句的特殊式
1.复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。
如:
Sarahhopestobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesherinterest.(whoever=anyonewho/anypersonwho)
ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddowhateverIcantosavethem.(whatever=anythingthat)
Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.whatever在此处是泛指,不可被what替代。
而“Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.”中的who表特定的某人,不可以改成whoever。
2.it作形式宾语,从句作真正宾语。
(1)动词+it+important/necessary/natural/etc.+thatclause。
thatclause中谓语动词前可加should,亦可省略。
如:
Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.
(2)动词+it+as+名词/形容词+clause。
如:
Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.
(3)动词+it+介词+thatclause。
常见的有:
oweittosb.+thatclause(把……归功于某人),leaveittosb.+thatclause(把……留给某人去做),takeitforgranted +thatclause(想当然),keepitinmind +thatclause(记住……)。
如:
Ijusttookitforgrantedthathe’dalwaysbearound.
(4)动词+it+clause。
如:
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
英语中少数介词很活跃,能带从句作其宾语。
如:
Igotoseeafilmexceptwhenitrains.
3.含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。
如:
Briantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,didn’the?
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think / believe / suppose/guess/imagine/expect/suspect/feel等时,疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系,此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。
如:
Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?
4.两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时,第一个连词that可以省略,但第二个及以后的不可省。
如:
Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.
5.主语+be+形容词+clause。
如:
I’mafraidthatIcan’tpromiseyouanything.
例14 Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept________helphecanget.
A.whichever B.howeverC.whatever D.whenever
例15 _____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.Who B.Theone C.Anyone D.Whoever
例16 I’dappreciate_______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.
A.that B.it C.this D.you
例17 —Idon’tthinkyoucouldhavebeenusedtothequickpaceoflifewhilestudyingintheUSA______you?
—______.Ithoughtofreturningtoourcountryatonetime.
A.had;Yes B.do;Yes C.have;No D.were;No
例18 Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_______hewasamanofaction.
A.which B.that C.what D.whether
宾语从句练习题
类型一:
引导词的运用
(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.
A.whetherheisathome B.ifheisathome
C.thatheisathome D.whetherisheathome
(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.which B.whether C.if D.that
(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstu
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