剑桥雅思 3词汇.docx

剑桥雅思 3词汇.docx

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剑桥雅思3词汇

TestOne

ReadingPassage1

THEROCKET–FROMEASTTOWEST

1.military（adj.n.）军事的、军队

→army

→battlefield

e.g.:

rocketsformilitaryuse

2.concept（n.）概念、观念

→conception

→perception

e.g.:

theconceptoftherocket

3.mechanism（n.）机制、原理

e.g.:

themechanismbehindtheideaofpropellinganobjectintotheair

4.propel推动

e.g.：

Theconceptoftherocket,orratherthemechanismbehindtheideaofpropellingan

objectintotheair,hasbeenaroundforwellovertwothousandyears.

5.breakthrough（n.）重大发现、突破

e.g.:

Anintellectualbreakthrough,brilliantthoughitmaybe,doesnotautomaticallyensurethatthetransitionismadefromtheorytopractice.

6.automatically（adv.）自动地

e.g.:

Anintellectualbreakthrough,brilliantthoughitmaybe,doesnotautomaticallyensurethatthetransitionismadefromtheorytopractice.

7.accelerate（v.）加速

反义：

decelerate

e.g.:

Prodigiouseffortsacceleratedduringtwoworldwarswererequired.

8.sophisticated

人：

精明能干的，善于诡辩的，老于世故的，

物：

精心设计的

e.g.：

Prodigiousefforts,acceleratedduringtwoworldwars,wererequiredbeforethetechnologyofprimitiverocketrycouldbetranslatedintotherealityofsophisticatedastronauts.

9.discharge（v.n.）排放

→emit/release

e.g.:

Inreactiontothebackwarddischargeofbullets,thegun,andhencetheboat,moveforwards.

10..exhaust（n.）尾气

exhaustgas废气

exhaustive全面彻底的

e.g.：

Cylindricalinshape,madeofwood,andhangingfromstring,itwasmovedtoandfrobysteamblowingoutfromsmallexhaustportsateitherend.

11.compound复合，合成

e.g.：

Itisprobablethat,sometimeinthetenthcentury,blackpowderwasfirstcompoundedfromitsbasicingredientsofsaltpeter,charcoalandsculpture

12.stability（n.）稳定

→stable（adj.）

e.g.:

Asmallironweightwasattachedtothebambooshafttoincreasethearrow’sstability.

13.incentive（n.）动力，激励

→motivation

e.g.:

TheincentiveforthemoreaggressiveuseofrocketscamenotfromwithintheEuropeancontinentbutfromfar-awayIndia

14.aggressive侵略的。

过分的

e.g.：

TheincentiveforthemoreaggressiveuseofrocketscamenotfromwithintheEuropeancontinentbutfromfar-awayIndia

15.completewith配备

e.g.:

TheAmericansdevelopedarocket,completewithitsownlauncher,toagainsttheMexicans.

16.insert（v.）植入、插入

e.g.:

Alongcylindricaltubewasproppedupbytwosticksandfastenedtothetopofthelauncher,therebyallowingtherockettobeinsertedandlitfromtheotherend.

17.humble（adj.）谦卑的，卑贱的

e.g.:

Themoderndayspaceprogramsowetheirsuccesstothehumblebeginningofthoseinpreviouscenturies.

18.previous（adj.）以前的

e.g.:

Themoderndayspaceprogramsowetheirsuccesstothehumblebeginningofthoseinpreviouscenturies.

ReadingPassage2

TheRisksofCigaretteSmoke

1.component

n.部分

adj.部分的

e.g.：

Nicotine,however,isonlyasmallcomponentofcigarettesmoke

2.fatal（adj.）致命的

→lethal/deadly

e.g.:

Yearsofcigarettesmokingvastlyincreasetheriskofdevelopingfatalmedicalconditions.

3.exhale（v.）呼出exhalation（n.）

反义：

inhaleinhalation（n.）

e.g.:

Thesmokeexhaledbyasmokeralsocausesaserioushealthrisk.

4.illustration插图，例证，阐明

illustratev.（Thechartillustrates…）

e.g.：

Asanillustrationofthehealthrisks,inthecaseofamarriedcouplewhereonepartner

isasmokerandoneanon-smoker,thelatterisbelievedtohavea30percenthigher

riskofdeathfromheartdiseasebecauseofpassivesmoking.

5.beattributedto归因于

beblamedon归咎于

e.g.：

Ithasbeencalculatedthat17percentofcasesoflungcancercanbeattributedtohighlevelsofexposuretosecondhandandtobaccosmokeduringchildhoodandadolescence.

6.adolescence青春期

adolescentn.孩子teenager

同义替换：

offspring,descendant,nextgeneration

e.g.：

Ithasbeencalculatedthat17percentofcasesoflungcancercanbeattributedtohighlevelsofexposuretosecondhandandtobaccosmokeduringchildhoodandadolescence.

7.exposure（n.）暴露

expose（v.）

e.g.:

Ithasbeencalculatedthat17percentofcasesoflungcancercanbeattributedtohighlevelsofexposuretosecondhandandtobaccosmokeduringchildhoodandadolescence.

8.adverseadj.坏的

adverseeffects=adversity

e.g.：

Thesmokeexperiencedbymanypeopleintheirdailylivesisenoughtoproducesubstantialadverseeffectsonaperson’sheartandlungs.

9.continualadj.持续不断的

同义替换：

simultaneous

e.g.：

Thestudysuggeststhatpeoplewhosmokecigarettesarecontinuallydamagingtheircardiovascularsystem,whichadaptsinordertocompensatefortheeffectsofsmoking.

10.interferewith干扰，影响，干涉

intervenewith干预

e.g.:

Carbondioxideinterfereswiththeblood’sabilitytodeliverlife-givingoxygentheheart.

11.toxin（n.）毒素

toxic有毒的

e.g.:

Nicotineandothertoxinsactivatesmallbloodcells.

12.likelihood（n.）可能性

e.g.:

Nicotineandothertoxinsactivatesmallbloodcellscalledplatelets,whichincreasethelikelihoodofbloodclots.

13.underestimate（v.）低估

反义：

overestimate

e.g.:

Scientistsareunderestimatingthedamagedonebypassivesmoking.

14.illegal（adj.）非法的

反义：

legal

→illegitimate非法的→反义：

legitimate

e.g.:

Thetypeofactionneededagainstpassivesmokingshouldbesimilartothatbeingtakenagainstillegaldrugs.

15.absorption（n.）吸收

absorb（v.）

e.g.:

theabsorptionofothersmokeparticles

16.formation（n.）形成

form（v.）

e.g.:

Theintakeofnicotineencouragestheformationofbloodclots.

17.intake（n.）摄入,吸入

e.g.:

Theintakeofnicotineencouragestheformationofbloodclots.

ReadingPassage3

1.imaginative（adj.）想象力丰富的

imaginable（adj.）能够想象得到的

e.g.:

‘Hypotheses,’saidMedawarin1964,‘areimaginativeandinspirationalincharacter’;theyare‘adventuresofthemind’.

2.inspirational鼓励的，有启示的

同义替换：

motivated

e.g.：

‘Hypotheses,’saidMedawarin1964,‘areimaginativeandinspirationalincharacter’;theyare‘adventuresofthemind’.

3.unbiased（adj.）无偏见的，公正的

反义：

biased

unprejudiced

反义：

prejudiced

e.g.:

Theformulationofthetheorystartswiththebasic,rawevidenceofthesenses-simple,unbiased,unprejudicedobservation.

4.relevantadj.相关联的

同义替换：

pertinent

e.g.：

Themythisthatfromadisorderlyarrayoffactualinformationanorderly,relevanttheorywillsomehowemerge.

5.emerge（v.）出现

e.g.:

Themythisthatfromadisorderlyarrayoffactualinformationanorderly,relevanttheorywillsomehowemerge.

6.initiative（n.）主动、始创、发端

initiate（v.）开始、创始

initial（adj.）最处的=original=first

e.g.:

Hypothesesprovidetheinitiativeandincentivefortheinquiry.

7.discardv.丢弃

e.g.：

Itisinthelightofanexpectationthatsomeobservationsareheldtoberelevantandsomeirrelevant,thatonemethodologyischosenandothersdiscarded,thatsomeexperimentsareconductedandothersarenot.

8.modify（v.）修改

modification（n.）

e.g.:

Ifthepredictionsyoumakeasaresultofdeducingcertainconsequencesfromyourhypothesisarenotshowntobecorrect,thenyoudiscardormodifyyourhypothesis.

9.retain（v,）保持、保留

=maintain

e.g.:

Yourhypothesishasbeensupportedandmayberetaineduntilsuchtimeassomefurthertestshowsitnottobecorrect.

10.mythn.神话，谣言

e.g.：

Themythofscientificmethodisnotonlythatitisinductive（whichwehaveseenisincorrect）butalsothatthehypothetic-deductivemethodproceedsinastep-by-step,inevitablefashion

15.fashionn.方式，流行（同义替换：

vogue）

e.g.：

Themythofscientificmethodisnotonlythatitisinductive（whichwehaveseenisincorrect）butalsothatthehypothetic-deductivemethodproceedsinastep-by-step,inevitablefashion

16.output（n.）输出

反义：

input输入

e.g.:

Theworthoftheoutputmaybeevaluatedindependently.

17.evaluate（v.）评估

assess（v.）

e.g.Theworthoftheoutputmaybeevaluatedindependently.

Test2

ReadingPassage1

ARemarkableBeetle

1.remarkable（adj.）卓越的、显著的

→phenomenal（adj.）非凡的、出众的

e.g.:

Someofthemostremarkablebeetlesarethedungbeetles.

2.breed（v.）生产、繁殖

e.g.:

Thedungbeetlesspendalmosttheirwholeliveseatingandbreedingindung.

3.evolve（v.）进化、发展=develop

evolution（n.）

e.g.:

Morethan4000speciesoftheseremarkablecreatureshaveevolvedandadaptedtotheworld’sdifferentclimates.

4.adapt（v.）vt.调整vi.适应

adaptation（n.）adaptable（adj.）

e.g.:

Morethan4000speciesoftheseremarkablecreatureshaveevolvedandadaptedtotheworld’sdifferentclimates.

5.native（adj.）本土的、当地的

→indigenous/local

e.g.:

Australia’snativedungbeetlesarescrubandwoodlanddwellers.

6.dweller（n.）居民

同义替换：

inhabitants，settler

e.g.：

Australia’snativedungbeetlesarescrubandwoodlanddwellers,specialisingincoarsemarsupialdroppingsandavoidingthesoftcattledunginwhichbushfliesandbuffalofliesbreed.

7.import（v.）进口

importation（n.）

反义：

export（v.）exportation（n.）

e.g.:

TheCSIROimportedinsectsfromabout50differentspeciesofdungbeetle.

8.integrate（v.）使成整体，使合并

同义替换：

consolidate,unify

e.g.：

Ofthe26speciesthatareknowntohavebecomesuccessfullyintegratedintothelocalenvironment,onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnaturalboundary.

9.release（v.）释放

e.g.：

Onlyone,anAfricanspeciesreleasedinnorthernAustralia,hasreacheditsnatural

boundary.

10.pasturen.牧场v.作为牧场

e.g.：

Introducingdungbeetlesintoapastureisasimpleprocess:

approximately1,500beetlesarereleased,ahandfulatatime,intofreshcowpats2inthecowpasture.

11.permanent（adj.）永久的

e.g.:

Thebeetles,iftheysuccessfullyadapttotheirnewenvironment,soonbecomeapermanent,self-sustainingpartofthelocalecology.

12.sustain（v.）维持、持续

sustainable（adj.）

→maintain

→retain

e.g.:

Thebeetles,iftheysuccessfullyadapttotheirnewenvironment,soonbecome