TPO小站TOEFL分类读文章基础小练习文章+题目.docx
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TPO小站TOEFL分类读文章基础小练习文章+题目.docx
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TPO小站TOEFL分类读文章基础小练习文章+题目
TOEFL分类读文章基础小练习(文章+题目)
ARTS
TheHouseofNativeAmericanTribe
TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraits
TheMusicofFilms
BarbaraKasten
TheWorksofJoyceCarolOates
ThePrintedWord
TheArtNouveauStyle
ArtsandCraftsMovement
LIFESCIENCE
BiologicalDiversity
TheCommonSeaCucumber
LivingThings'WayofLiving
TheHistoryofClinicalNutrition
NervousSystemofVertebrates
TheAnimal'sSenseofSelf
Orchids
OrganicFoods
PheromonesProducedbyInsects
TheBasisofHypersensitiveResistance
TheMicroscopicTechnique
TheGenesisofLife
PHYSICALSCIENCE
ManyTypesofWeather
InvestigationoftheDeep-Ocean
SurgeGlaciers
ClimatesandFarminginAmerica
AnAirPollutant
ThePlanetsofJupiter
TheSun
TheConceptoftheLaser
TheResponseofBabiestoHumanVoice
TheVisionofHuman
Newton'slawsofmotion
Crows
TheConceptofNumberandtheCountingProcess
TheEarth'sCrustandtheUpperMantle
TheOriginationofBirds
DesertAnimals
SOCIALSCIENCE
TheFirstPeoplesinAmerica
TheDevelopmentofEuropeanLanguage
TransportationintheUnitedStates
TheRoleofTelevisioninPolitics
TheEatingandDietaryHabitsofHominids
SkillsofChildren
EducationintheUnitedStates
DomesticMigrationInUnitedStates
AReasaultofaResearchaboutLeaders
TheeffectoftheBabyBoom
Archaeology
"Urban"and"Rural"PopulationintheUnitedStates
Railroad
TheMeteoricRiseofLosAngeles
ARTS
TheHouseofNativeAmericanTribe
Keywords:
UnitedStates,pueblos,buildings,chambers,niches
AnotherearlyNativeAmericantribeinwhatisnowthesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStateswastheAnasazi.ByA.D.800theAnasaziIndianswereconstructingmultistorypueblos-massive,stoneapartmentcompounds.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazis'supremeachievements.AtleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theywerebuiltwithmasonrywallsmorethanameterthickandadjoiningapartmentstoaccommodatedozens,evenhundreds,offamilies.Thelargest,laternamedPuebloBonito(PrettyTown)bytheSpanish,roseinfiveterracedstories,containedmorethan800rooms,andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1,000ormore.
Besideslivingquarters,eachpuebloincludedoneormorekivas-circularundergroundchambersfacedwithstone.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Somekivaswereenormous.Ofthe30orsoatPuebloBonito,twomeasured20metersacross.Theycontainednichesforceremonialobjects,acentralfirepit,andholesinthefloorforcommunicatingwiththespiritsoftribalancestors.
Eachpueblorepresentedanastonishingamountofwell-organizedlabor.Usingonlystoneandwoodtools,andwithoutbenefitofwheelsordraftanimals,thebuildersquarriedtonupontonofsandstonefromthecanyonwalls,cutitintosmallblocks,hauledtheblockstotheconstructionsite,andfittedthemtogetherwithmudmortar.Roofbeamsofpineorfirhadtobecarriedfromloggingareasinthemountainforestsmanykilometersaway.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesforascendingclifffaces.Intime,theroadsreachedouttomorethan80satellitevillageswithina60-kilometerradius.
1.Theparagraphprecedingthepassagemostprobablydiscussed
(A)howpuebloswerebuilt
(B)anotherNativeAmericantribe
(C)Anasazicraftsandweapons
(D)pueblovillagesinNewMexico
2.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
(A)TheAnasazipueblos
(B)AnasazifestivalsofNewMexico
(C)TheorganizationoftheAnasazitribe
(D)TheuseofAnasazisanctuaries
3.Theword"supreme"inline5isclosestinmeaningto
(A)mostcommon
(B)mostoutstanding
(C)mostexpensive
(D)mostconvenient
4.Theword"They"inline7refersto
(A)houses
(B)bluffs
(C)walls
(D)families
5.TheauthormentionsthatPueblobonitohadmorethan800roomsasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?
(A)Howovercrowdedthepuebloscouldbe
(B)Howmanyceremonialareasitcontained
(C)Hoemuchsandstonewasneededtobuildit
(D)Howbigapueblocouldbe
6.Theword"settle"inline14isclosestinmeaningto
(A)sink
(B)decide
(C)clarify
(D)locate
7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbuildingapuebloprobably
(A)requiredmanyworkers
(B)costalotofmoney
(C)involvedtheuseoffarmanimals
(D)reliedonsophisticatedtechnology
8.Theword"ascending"inline26isclosestinmeaningto
(A)arrivingat
(B)carving
(C)connecting
(D)climbing
9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinadditiontopueblostheAnasaziswereskilledatbuildingwhichofthefollowing?
(A)Roads
(B)Barns
(C)Monuments
(D)Watersystems
10.ThepueblosareconsideredoneoftheAnasazis'supremeachievementsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthattheywere
(A)verylarge
(B)locatedinforests
(C)builtwithsimpletools
(D)connectedinasystematicway
TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraits
Keywords:
portraits,portraiture,artists,crafttradition,anoriginalportrait
WhatwetodaycallAmericafolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday"folks"who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics-whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans-havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.
TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland-especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates'populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetime,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.
Butintheheydayofportraitpainting-fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850's-anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople-sign,coach,andhousepainters-begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.
39.Inlines4-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat
(A)consistedmainlyofselftaughtartists
(B)appreciatedportraits
(C)influencedAmericanfolkart
(D)hadlittletimeforthearts
40.Theword"marked"inline5isclosestinmeaningto
(A)pronounced
(B)fortunate
(C)understandable
(D)mysterious
41.Accordingtothepassage,whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?
(A)InwesternNewYork
(B)InIllinoisandMissouri
(C)InConnecticutandMassachusetts
(D)InOhio
42.Theword"this"inline9refersto
(A)astrongcrafttradition
(B)Americanfolkart
(C)NewEngland
(D)westernNewYork
43.HowmuchdidthepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincreaseinthefirstfiftyyearsfollowingindependence?
(A)Itbecamethreetimeslarger.
(B)Itbecamefivetimeslarger.
(C)Itbecameeleventimeslarger.
(D)Itbecamethirteentimeslarger.
44.Thephrase"usheringin"inline17isclosestinmeaningto
(A)beginning
(B)demanding
(C)publishing
(D)increasing
45.Therelationshipbetweenthedaguerreotype(line16)andthepaintedportraitissimilartotherelationshipbetweentheautomobileandthe
(A)highway
(B)driver
(C)horse-drawncarriage
(D)engine
46.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintedportraits?
(A)Thelackofastrongcrafttradition
(B)Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters
(C)Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings
(D)Theinventionofthecamera
47.Theword"executed"inline19isclosestinmeaningto
(A)sold
(B)requested
(C)admired
(D)created
48.Theauthorimpliesthatmostlimners(line22)
(A)receivedinstructionfromtravelingteachers
(B)werewomen
(C)werefromwealthyfamilies
(D)hadnoformalarttraining
49.Theword"sketching"inline25isclosestinmeaningto
(A)drawing
(B)hiring
(C)helping
(D)discussing
50.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthorprovideadefinition?
(A)Lines3-6
(B)Lines8-10
(C)Lines13-15
(D)Lines21-23
TheMusicofFilms
Keywords:
films,music,pianists,orchestras,conductor
Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as"silent,"thefilmhas
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