Part III Reading Comprehension.docx
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Part III Reading Comprehension.docx
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PartIIIReadingComprehension
试题解析:
本文讲述了1957年发现的一种新的流感病毒——亚洲流感以及它的传播过程。
In1957adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsinhishospital and wasabletofindthevirus(病毒)ofthisinfluenza.
Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupA,buthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganization (WHO) inGeneva.WHOpublishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKong,whereabout15~20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.
AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzamuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.
Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverChina.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButChinawasthennotamemberofWHOandthereforedidn’treportthediseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whenthevirusspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.Bythistimeitwasstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.
56. AsthedoctorinSingaporefoundthedisease,he________.
A) reportedtheoutbreaktoWHO√
B) foundthesubgroupofthevirus
C) waskeenonnamingthedisease
D) sethispatientsapartfromothers
答案:
A
解析:
第二段倒数第二句指出,医生向位于日内瓦的世界卫生组织报告。
所以B正确。
57. Thetruthaboutthevirusinthispassagewasthatit________.
A) hadbeenstoredinafridge
B) couldreproducewithhighspeed√
C) wasaderivationfromothers
D) wasaweaktype
答案:
B
解析:
根据第三段第二句:
Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed...可知,C为正确答案。
第三段第五句指出,这是一个新的流感病毒,并不是衍生出来的,故B不正确。
58. WhichstatementisTRUEabouttheinfluenzaaccordingtothepassage?
A) Animalswerealerttothisdisease.
B) Therewerenoeffectivedrugsforit.√
C) Itcouldonlybespreadamongchildren.
D) Ithadbeenidentifiedmanyyearsbefore.
答案:
B
解析:
第三段第四句指出,没有一种药物可以防御它,故C正确。
倒数第四句指出,动物和人类一样容易感染流感,故D错误。
59. Accordingtotheexperimentonanimals,wecanfindthat________.
A) therewasnosignificantsignoftheflu
B) thefluwasseriousbutnotdeadly√
C) thefluwaseasytocausedeathtoanimals
D) thefluhasamoreseriouseffectonanimals
答案:
B
解析:
第三段倒数第二句和第三句指出这种流感是有症状的,但不会致死。
所以D正确。
60. ItcanbeinferredthatthefirstmeasureforWHOtotrackadiseasesuchasinfluenzaisto________.
A) trainmorehighlyskillfulexperts
B) setapartadequatetimetostudythefact
C) setupanefficientreportingservice√
D) cooperatewitheverydoctorwell
答案:
C
解析:
题目为WHO通过怎样的措施来追踪例如流感这样的疾病。
根据最后一段内容,此次流感是从中国开始的,但因为中国当时不是WHO的成员国,故没有上报疾病的爆发。
后传到新加坡,才由新加坡报告到WHO的。
所以WHO了解疾病爆发及传播的主要途径就是:
建立一个有效的上报机构以便成员国上报具体情况。
所以A正确。
试题解析:
本文主要讲述了金钱与幸福的关系——一个人完全没有金钱固然不行,但有了金钱也不能保证得到幸福。
本文还进一步挖掘了幸福与社会经济状况之间的关系,指出所谓的“美国矛盾”,即物质财富充裕和精神匮乏之间的矛盾。
Doesmoneybuyhappiness?
Not!
Ah,butwouldalittlemoremoneymakeusalittlehappier?
Manyofussmirk(傻笑,假笑)andnod.Thereis,webelieve,someconnectionbetweenfiscalfitnessandemotionalfulfillment.ThreeinfourAmericancollegians(大学生)nowconsiderit"veryimportant"or"essential"thattheybecome"verywelloff"financially.Moneymatters.
Butasurprisingfactoflifeisthatincountrieswherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlife'snecessities,increasingaffluencematterssurprisinglylittle.Thecorrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessis"surprisinglyweak",observedUniversityofMichiganresearcherRonaldInglehartinone16-nationstudyof170,000people.Oncecomfortable,moremoneyprovidesdiminishingreturns.Thesecondpieceofpie,orthesecond$100,000,nevertastesasgoodasthefirst.EvenlotterywinnersandtheForbes'100wealthiestAmericanshaveexpressedonlyslightlygreaterhappinessthantheaverageAmerican.Makingitbigbringstemporaryjoy.Butinthelongrunwealthislikehealth:
itsutterabsencecanbreedmisery,buthavingitdoesn’tguaranteehappiness.Happinessseemslessamatterofgettingwhatwewantthanofwantingwhatwehave.
Hasourhappinessfloatedupwardwiththerisingeconomictide?
Arewehappiertodaythanin1940s,whentwooutoffivehomeslackedashowerortub?
Actually,wearenot.Since1957,thenumberofAmericanswhosaytheyare"veryhappy"hasdeclinedfrom35to32percent.Meanwhile,thedivorceratehasdoubled,theteensuicideratehasnearlytripled(使成三倍),theviolentcrimeratehasnearlyquadrupled(使成四倍)(evenaftertherecentdecline),andmorepeoplethanever(especiallyteensandyoungadults)aredepressed.
Thissoaringwealthandshrinkingspiritiscalled"theAmericanparadox".Morethanever,wehavebighousesandbrokenhomes,highincomesandlowmorale,securedrightsanddiminishedcivility.Weexcelatmakingalivingbutoftenfailatmakingalife.Wecelebrateourprosperitybutyearnforapurpose.Wecherishourfreedomsbutlongforconnection.Inanageofplenty,wefeelspiritualhunger.
61. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?
A) Inthelongrun,happinessgrowswitheconomy.
B) Themoremoneyweearn,thehappierwewouldbe.
C) Themoremoneyweearn,thediminishedreturnswehave.
D) Inthelongrun,moneycannotguaranteehappiness.√
答案:
D
解析:
A项与C项明显错误。
B项只是第二段在举例证明时提出的观点,这句话的意思是“幸福感还是随着金钱的增加而增长,只是增加量在减少。
”这并不是文章的主旨,是为了论证“长期来看,金钱不能保证幸福”。
因此D正确。
62. Thesecond$100,000nevertastesasgoodasthefirst,because________.
A) itisnotsoimportantasthefirst$100,000
B) it’snotsofreshasthefirst$100,000
C) profitbroughtbyitislessthanthatfromthefirst$100,000
D) happinessbroughtbyitislessthanthatfromthefirst$100,000√
答案:
D
解析:
该句是用非常形象的说法解释了前一句话Oncecomfortable,moremoneyprovidesdiminishingreturns,即,“第二张饼不如第一张香,第二次获得10万美元不如第一次那样开心。
”经济学术语diminishingreturns的含义是“收益递减”,但在文中是指“幸福感递减”。
因此,A项、B项和C项不对,只有D项为正确答案。
63. Inthispassage,"theAmericanparadox"probablymeans________(Para.4).
A) theAmericancharacteristic
B) theAmericancontradiction√
C) theAmericanwonder
D) theAmericanphenomenon
答案:
B
解析:
paradox意为“矛盾”。
该词汇出现的前后均有提示,用的都是并列的两个概念形成对比。
第四段的第一句实际上就是对paradox的解释soaringwealthandshrinkingspirit,其后的几句话也是对这一说法的具体阐述。
故选B项。
64. Theexampleofwhathappenedafter1957isgiventoillustratethat________.
A) youngpeoplearenothappyabouttheirlife
B) people’sspiritualneedscannotbefulfilledbywealth√
C) socialcrimeshaveincreasedbyalargemargin
D) familyproblemsbecomemoreandmoreserious
答案:
B
解析:
第三段可以分为两个层次,前三句构成设问句为第一层,后面两句为第二层。
第二层主要起到承上启下的作用:
通过列数字、举事例来说明第一层的观点,同时进一步转入到第四段。
因此,文中列举出的1957年以后的事例都是想要说明随着经济的发展,人们并没有为此而增加幸福感,相反,幸福感还会减少。
接下来的第四段第一句话,实际上是对第三段第二层的总结。
B项对应thedivorcerate,C项对应violentcrimerate,D项对应teensuiciderate,这些都只是对现象的单方面归纳,而非结论。
A项则是综合性的结论。
65. Accordingtothepassage,peopleexcelatmakingalivingbut________.
A) don’tknowhowtospendmoney
B) don’thaveanyaimorideal
C) don’thaveanycontactwithotherpeople
D) don’tknowhowtoenjoylife√
答案:
D
解析:
文中最后一段说,我们善于谋生,但却往往不会营造生活。
根据上下文,并列的两个相对概念中,前者为积极的方面,后者则是消极的方面。
A项aimorideal对应的是purpose,C项contactwithotherpeople对应的是connection,D项无对应内容,只有B项对应的是makingaliving,故选B项。
文章主要讲述的是作者在国外教学的经历和对国外教学的看法。
作者主要把自己在英国教学和在泰国教学的经历做了对比。
通过对比,作者总结出几点经验:
第一,学校管理层应该更加重视教师职业的发展;第二,激发学生们的学习动力对他们而言更有裨益;第三,如果一个人想恢复对教育热情可以尝试去国外作教师。
Imagineworkingataschoolwhereyourarelyhavetouseyourdisciplinaryskills,andthestudentsaremotivatedtosucceedandleadwell-roundedlivesbyparticipatinginsportingandcreativeactivities.Evenbetter,imagineaparent-teacherconferencewheretheparentsrespectyouandyourprofessionaldevelopmentisofconcerntotheschool'sadministration.ThesearethebenefitsIhaveattainedfrommymoveintoaninternationalteachingcareer.
PriortosecuringmypositionasaninternationalteacherinThailand,IworkedforoverthreeyearsinEngland.WhileIenjoyedmytimethereandlearnedalotfrommycolleagues,therewerepartsofthejobIdidn'tlike.That'soneofthereasonsInowteachataninternationalschool.
WhenIwasteachinginEngland,IoftenfoundthatIhadspentmuchofmytimeondiscipline.However,asaninternationaleducator,Idon'thaveevenaquarterofthedisciplineissuesIhadwhenIwasteachinginEngland.It'snotbecauseIteachlessstudents;Istillteachclassesof23to25students.ThereasonIspendlesstimeondisciplineisbecauseteachingisarespectedprofessioninThailandandthereforeteachersaretreatedverywellbythe
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