考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案解析

2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析

　说明：

由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming

　　Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

　　Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

　　1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

　　2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around

　　3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role

　　4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse

　　5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady

　　6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on

　　7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive

　　8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant

　　9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print

　　10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown

　　11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when

　　12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn

　　13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though

　　14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease

　　15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed

　　16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear

　　17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return

　　18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

　　19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor

　　20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:

Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

　　Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

　　Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.

　　Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.

　　Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.

　　21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______

　　[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

　　[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

　　[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

　　[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

　　22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

　　[A]workoncheapsoftware

　　[B]askforamoderatesalary

　　[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

　　[D]contributesomethingunique

　　23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______

　　[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

　　[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

　　[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

　　[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered

　　24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

　　[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution

　　[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

　　[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization

　　[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext

　　[A]NewLawTakesEffect

　　[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

　　[C]AverageIsOver

　　[D]RecessionIsBad

　　Text2

　　Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

　　Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:

legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

　　Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

　　Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

　　Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

　　26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____

　　[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

　　[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

　　[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.

　　[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.

　　27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____

　　[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

　　[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.

　　[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

　　[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

　　28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___

　　[A]fiancialincentives.

　　[B]aglobalrecognition.

　　[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

　　[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

　　29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__

　　[A]asfaithfulpartners.

　　[B]witheconomicfavors.

　　[C]withregaltolerance.

　　[D]asmightyrivals.

　　30选出最适合文章的标题

　　[A]comeandgo:

bigmistake.

　　[B]livingandthriving:

greatrisk.

　　[C]withorwithout:

greatrisk.

　　[D]legalorillegal:

bigmistake.

　　Text3

　　Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

　　Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwe