时态tense.docx
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时态tense.docx
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时态tense
动词时态
学习指南
忠告:
要想学好动词的时态、语态和语气,学生必须做到:
1、背熟常用的不规则动词;(这是先决条件)
2、牢记各种时态、语态、语气的用法和谓语;
英语有主动态和被动态两种。
主动语态(ActiveVoice),表示主语是动作的执行者;而被动态(PassiveVoice),则表示主语是动作的承受者。
:
一般时
进行时
完成时
将来时
现在
do
does
am
isdoing
are
has
havedone
过去
Did
was
weredoing
haddone
would
shoulddo
将来
shall
willdo
一般现在时P2一般过去时P3一般将来时P6
现在进行时P11现在完成时P13过去进行时P16
过去完成时P21过去将来时P23
一般现在时:
(SimplePresentTense)
1、用法:
1)现阶段习惯性的动作或状态。
2)客观事实,真理或格言。
3)表示一般将来时。
(在时状或条状中)
2、谓语:
1)动词原形。
2)动词后加“s”或“es”。
6)如果你忘了,我会提醒你。
7)当他到达时,请立刻通知我。
是否有出入?
错在哪里?
为什么?
Examples:
1)Heisalwayslateforschool.→1
2)Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.→2
3)Sheoftensleepswithherwindowopen.→1
4)Arollingstonegathersnomoss.→2
5)Yesterdayhesaidthattheearthisround.→2
6)Ifyouforgetit,Ishallremindyou.→3
7)Whenshearrives,pleasetellmeatonce.→3
说明:
1)习惯性动作是通过频度副词表现出来的,所以记住一定数量的频度副词很有必要:
frequently(频繁地、经常),always,hardly,never,scarcely(很少),often,occasionally(有时、偶尔),rarely(很少),seldom(很少),sometimes(有时),usually
2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,一定要用一般现在时,代替一般将来时。
3)主语为第三人称单数,谓语为一般现在时,谓语动词后,必须加上“s”或“es”。
否则,为错句。
一般过去时:
(SimplePastTense)
1、用法:
1)在特定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
2)用于“were”型和“if”型虚拟语气之中。
2、谓语:
动词用过去时。
Examples:
1)Ivisitedheryesterday.→1
2)Shewasadoctortenyearago.→1
3)Iwouldratheryouwentnow.→2
4)Itishightimethatwestartedoff.→2
5)IfonlyIhadafamily.→2
6)Iwishthatshelivedclosertome.→2
7)Theyplantedtreesonthismountainlastyear.→1
8)IfIhadmoneynow,Iwouldbuyahouse.→2
说明:
1)句中没有特定的过去时间时,最好不要用过去时。
2)过去时在虚拟语气中的应用问题,在虚拟语气那一讲中有详细说明。
Exercises
I.TurntheverbintoSimplePresentTenseorSimplePastTense:
(将括号中的动词转化为一般现在时和一般过去时)
1.Hisfather_____(leave)homewhenhewasfiveyearsold.
2.Crying_____(mend)noholewhenthefailureappears.
3.She_____(advise)hersontogetmarriedattheageoftwenty.
4.Youmustwaituntilshe_____(come)backfromwork.
5.Ourteachersaidyesterdaythatpractice_____(make)perfect.
6.Hewillcometoseemewhenhe_____(arrive)heretomorrow.
7.She______(receive)aletterfromtheyoungmanlastweek.
8.Iwouldratheryou____(start)offtothehospitalatonce.
9.Shealways_____(get)upataquartertoseveninthemorning.
10.Itisabouttimethatyou______(come)overtohelpme.
11.Itseemsasifthesky____(fall)downatthismoment.
12.Iwishyouandyourfamily_____(have)agoodjourney.
13.Ifonlyhe_____(can)cometocurediseasesformyson.
14.He_____(tell)methathehadonceboughtacarthere.
15.Sheactsasifshe_____(be)theleaderofthatfactory.
16.He____(love)sittingunderthetreeplayingchess.
17.Iwouldratheryou____(live)closertotheschool.
18.Ifit_____(rain)tomorrow,thematchwillbedelayed.
19.Supposehe_____(be)amurderer,whatwouldyoudo?
20.Theteachersaidthatfiveandfive______(make)ten.
21.Sheremarkedhappilythissoup______(taste)wonderful.
22.TheYangtzeRiver______(flow)intotheEastChinaSea.
23.Doyouknowwhothiscar______(belong)toatpresent?
24.Ithinkthateighttimeseight______(equal)sixty-four.
25.We______(raise)pigs&cowsonthismountaineachyear.
KeystoExerciseI
1.Hisfatherlefthomewhenhewasfiveyearsold.
2.Cryingmendsnoholewhenthefailureappears.
3.Sheadvisedhersontogetmarriedattheageoftwenty.
4.Youmustwaituntilshecomesbackfromwork.
5.Ourteachersaidyesterdaythatpracticemakesperfect.
6.Hewillcometoseemewhenhearrivesheretomorrow.
7.Shereceivedaletterfromtheyoungmanlastweek.
8.Iwouldratheryoustartedofftothehospitalatonce.
9.Shealwaysgetsupataquartertoseveninthemorning.
10.Itisabouttimethatyoucameovertohelpme.
11.Itseemsasiftheskywerefallingdownatthismoment.
12.Iwishthatyouandyourfamilyhadagoodjourney.
13.Ifonlyhecouldcometocurediseasesformyson.
14.Hetoldmethathehadonceboughtacarthere.
15.Sheactsasifsheweretheleaderofthatfactory.
16.Helovessittingunderthetreeplayingchess.
17.Iwouldratheryoulivedclosertotheschool.
18.Ifitrainstomorrow,thematchwillbedelayed.
19.Supposehewereamurderer,whatwouldyoudo?
20.Theteachersaidthatfiveandfivemakesten.
21.Sheremarkedhappilythissouptastedwonderful.
22.TheYangtzeRiverflowsintotheEastChinaSea.
23.Doyouknowwhothiscarbelongstoatpresent?
24.Ithinkthateighttimeseightequalssixty-four.
25.Weraisepigs&cowsonthismountaineachyear.
一般将来时:
(SimpleFutureTense)
1、用法:
表示动作未来发生。
(总用法)
2、谓语:
(注:
含分用法。
)
1)shall/will+do(表示未来的“意愿”、“意图”或“预见”)
2)begoingto+do(表示未来的“意图”或“预见”)
3)beto+do(按计划安排将要发生的动作)
4)bedoing(按计划安排将要发生的动作)
5)beaboutto+do(表示动作即将在未来发生)
6)一般现在时(只用于条件状语和时间状语从句中)
3.举例:
1)如果有必要的话,我会帮你。
2)今天下午将会有一场风暴。
3)她会出席明天的会议。
4)我打算参加那个会议。
5)我想天很快就要下雨了。
6)明天将会有一场地震。
7)主席计划下个月出访美国。
8)我们计划今晚和史密斯先生喝茶。
9)我们很快就要出发去上海。
10)请做好一切准备,实验就要开始了。
11)我们一家计划今年迁居澳门。
12)如果她来看我,请立刻通知我。
13)我一看完这本书就还给你。
14)我计划下星期到广州出差。
方法:
想想上述句子,那个句子适合那个谓语?
为什么?
然后将它们翻译成英文。
对照所给的答案,看看
是否有出入?
错在哪里?
为什么?
Keys:
1)Iwillhelpyouif(itis)necessary.→1(意愿)
2)Therewillbeastormthisafternoon.→1(预见)
3)Shewillattendthemeetingtomorrow.→1(意图)
4)Iamgoingtoparticipateinthemeeting.→2(意图)
5)Ithinkitisgoingtorainsoon.→2(预见)
6)Thereisgoingtobeanearthquaketomorrow.→2(预见)
7)TheChairmanistovisitAmericanextmonth.→3
8)WearetohaveteawithMr.Smithtonight.→3
9)WeareabouttoleaveforShanghaisoon.→5
10)Pleasegeteverythingready,theexperimentisabouttostart.→5
11)OurfamilyismovingtoMacaothisyear.→4
12)Pleasetellmeatonceifshecomestoseeme.→6
13)IshallreturnyouthebookassoonasIfinishreadingit→6
14)IamgoingtoGuangzhouonbusinessnextweek.→4
说明:
当现在进行时谓语用来表达将来发生的动作时,谓语通常都
是一些“位置转移”的动词,比如:
start,leave,reach,arrive,
come,go,move,takeoff(起飞)等等,但在现代英语中,也
可以用“非位置转移”的动词。
提示:
1、由于shall\will+do表示未来的“意愿”、“意图”或“预见”,所以很多句子都可以使用这种谓语。
不过,在做以下练习时,应尽量避免使用上述谓语。
这样,才能达到全面掌握一般将来时的目的。
Exercises
I.Fillineachblankwiththefuturetenseyou‘vejustlearned:
(用一般将来时填空)
1.Hurryup!
Theplane_____(take)off.
2.Theplane_____(arrive)hereat8thisevening.
3.Ifhe_____(come)herebybike,he_____(be)late.
4.I______(give)youadefiniteanswertomorrow.
5.There_____(be)astormtomorrowmorning.
6.Itissodarkoutside.Ithinkit______(rain)soon.
7.Sir,don'tturnmeaway.I_____(serve)youallmylife.
8.Pleasegeteverythingready.We_____(go)therebyship.
9.Fourotherapplicants______(come)toseeuslatertoday.
10.Myparents______(come)toseemenextweek.
11._____you_____(send)ane-mailtohimthisevening?
12.You_____(sleep)betterifyou_____(take)asleepingpill.
13.You_____(notbe)thereunlessyou_____(be)hisrelative.
14.Howlong_____you_____(study)intheUnitedStates?
15.Where_____you_____(go)forthissummervacation?
16.She_____(stay)hereuntilherhusband_____(come)back.
17.Lookatthatdrunkard!
He______(fall)downfromhisbike.
18.They______(leave)forAustraliatomorrowmorning.
19.He,alongwithhisfamily,_____(move)toMacaonextyear.
20.Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,you_____(fail)topasstheexam.
21.We______(employ)someonetoworkasareceptionist.
22.We_____(travel)inSingapore,MalaysiaandThailandthisyear.
23.We______(go)swimmingiftheweather______(be)warm.
24.They_____(take)ataxiwhenthey______(be)inahurry.
25.Heisilltoday.Ithinkthathe______(notcome)totheparty.
26.Myparents______(be)verygladifyou_____(pay)themavisit.
27.Thesportsmeet_____(begin)assoonastherain______(stop).
28.Themanager______(be)inhisofficefrom8to11a.m.tomorrow.
29.I_____(travel)aroundtheworldifI_____(have)enoughmoney.
30.TheOlympicGames_______(take)placeinBeijingsoon.
KeystoExerciseI
1.Hurryup!
Theplaneisabouttotakeoff
2.Theplaneisarrivinghereat8thisevening.
3.Ifhecomesherebybike,hewillbelate.
4.Iwillgiveyouadefiniteanswertomorrow.
5.Therewillbeastormtomorrowmorning.
6.Itissodarkoutside.Ithinkitisgoingtorainsoon.
7.Sir,don'tturnmeaway.Iwillserveyouallmylife.
8.Pleasegeteverythingready.Wearegoingtherebyship.
9.Fourotherapplicantsarecomingtoseeuslatertoday.
10.Myparentsarecomingtoseemenextweek.
11.Willyousendane-mailtohimthisevening?
12.Youwillsleepbetterifyoutakeasleepingpill.
13.Youwillnotbethereunlessyouarehisrelative.
14.HowlongareyougoingtostudyintheUnitedStates?
15.Whereareyougoingforthissummervacation?
16.Shewillstayhereuntilherhusbandcomesback.
17.Lookatthatdrunkard!
Hewillfalldownfromhisbike.
18.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowmorning.
19.Healongwithhisfamily,ismovingtoMacaonextyear.
20.Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,youwillfailtopasstheexam.
21.Wearetoemploysomeonetoworkasareceptionist.
22.WearetravellinginSingapore,MalaysiaandThailandthisyear.
23.Weshallgoswimmingiftheweatheriswarmenough.
24.Theywilltakeataxiwhentheyareinahurry.
25.Heisilltoday.Ithinkthathewillnotcometotheparty.
26.Myparentswillbeverygladifyoupaythemavisit.
27.Thesportsmeetwillbeginassoonastherainstops.
28.Themanagerwillbeinhisofficefrom8to11a.m.tomorrow.
29.IshalltravelaroundtheworldifIhaveenoughmoney.
30.TheOlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijingsoon.
现在进行时:
(PresentProgressiveT
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