雅思备考练习提升MONKEYS OF FORESTS更新.docx
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雅思备考练习提升MONKEYS OF FORESTS更新.docx
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雅思备考练习提升MONKEYSOFFORESTS更新
READINGPASSAGE3:
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
MONKEYSANDFORESTS
ASANEASTWINDblaststhroughagapintheCordilleradeTilarán,aruggedmountainrangethatsplitsnorthernCostaRicainhalf,afemalemantledhowlermonkeymovesthroughtheswayingtreesoftheforestcanopy.
AKenGlander,aprimatologistfromDukeUniversity,gazesintothecanopy,trackingthefemale'smovements.Holdingadartgun,hewaitswithinfinitepatiencefortherightmomenttoshoot.Withgreatcare,Glanderaimsandfires.Hitintherump,themonkeywobbles.ThishowlerbelongstoapopulationthathaslivedfordecadesatHaciendaLaPacifica,aworkingcattleranchinGuanacasteprovince.Othernativeprimates-white-facedcapuchinmonkeysandspidermonkeys-oncewerecommoninthisarea,too,butvanishedafterthePan-AmericanHighwaywasbuiltnearbyinthe1950s.Mostofthesurroundinglandwasclear-cutforpasture.
BHowlerspersistatLaPacifica,Glanderexplains,becausetheyareleaf-eaters.Theyeatfruit,whenit'savailablebut,unlikecapuchinandspidermonkeys,donotdependonlargeareasoffruitingtrees.“Howlerscansurviveanyplaceyouhavehalfadozentrees,becausetheireatinghabitsaresoflexible,”hesays.Inforests,lifeisanarmsracebetweentreesandthemyriadcreaturesthatfeedonleaves.Plantshaveevolvedavarietyofchemicaldefenses,rangingfrombad-tastingtannins,whichbindwithplant-producednutrients,renderingthemindigestible,todeadlypoisons,suchasalkaloidsandcyanide.
CAllprimates,includinghumans,havesomeabilitytohandleplanttoxins.“Wecandetoxifyadangerouspoisonknownascaffeine,whichisdeadlytoalotofanimals.”Glandersays.Forleaf-eaters,long-termexposuretoaspecificplanttoxincanincreasetheirabilitytodefusethepoisonandabsorbtheleafnutrients.Theleavesthatgrowinregeneratingforests,likethoseatLaPacifica,areactuallymorehowlerfriendlythanthoseproducedbytheundisturbed,centuries-oldtreesthatsurvivefarthersouth,intheAmazonBasin.Inyoungerforests,treesputmostoftheirlimitedenergyintogrowingwood,leavesandfruit,sotheyproducemuchlowerlevelsoftoxinthandowell-established,old-growthtrees.
DThevalueofmaturingforeststoprimatesisasubjectofstudyatSantaRosaNationalPark,about35milesnorthwestofHaciendaLaPacifica.Theparkhostspopulationsnotonlyofmantledhowlersbutalsoofwhite-facedcapuchinsandspidermonkeys.Yettheforeststhereareyoung,mostofthemlessthan50yearsold.Capuchinswerethefirsttobeginusingtherebornforests,whenthetreeswereasyoungas14years.Howlers,largerandheavierthancapuchins,needsomewhatoldertrees,withlimbsthatcansupporttheirgreaterbodyweight.AworkingranchatHaciendaLaPacificaalsoexplainstheirpopulationboominSantaRosa.“Howlersaremoreresilientthancapuchinsandspidermonkeysforseveralreasons,”Fediganexplains.“Theycanlivewithinasmallhomerange,aslongasthetreeshavetherightfoodforthem.Spidermonkeys,ontheotherhand,occupyahugehomerange,sotheycan'tmakeitinfragmentedhabitat.”
EHowlersalsoreproducefasterthandoothermonkeyspeciesinthearea.Capuchinsdon'tbeartheirfirstyounguntilabout7yearsold,andspidermonkeysdosoevenlater,buthowlersgivebirthforthefirsttimeatabout3.5yearsofage.Also,whileafemalespidermonkeywillhaveababyaboutonceeveryfouryears,well-fedhowlerscanproduceaninfanteverytwoyears.
FTheleaveshowlerseatholdplentyofwater,sothemonkeyscansurviveawayfromopenstreamsandwaterholes.Thisabilitygivesthemarealadvantageovercapuchinandspidermonkeys,whichhavesufferedduringthelong,ongoingdroughtinGuana-caste.
GGrowinghumanpopulationpressuresinCentralandSouthAmericahaveledtopersistentdestructionofforests.Duringthe1990s,about1.1millionacresofCentralAmericanforestwerefelledyearly.AlejandroEstrada,anecologistatEstaciondeBiologiaLosTuxtlasinVeracruz,Mexico,hasbeenexploringhowmonkeyssurviveinalandscapeincreasinglyshapedbyhumans.Heandhiscolleaguesrecentlystudiedtheecologyofagroupofmantledhowlermonkeysthatthriveinahabitatcompletelyalteredbyhumans:
acacaoplantationinTabasco,Mexico.Likemanyvarietiesofcoffee,cacaoplantsneedshadetogrow,so40yearsagothelandownersplantedfig,monkeypodandothertalltreestoformaprotectivecanopyovertheircrop.Thehowlersmovedinabout25yearsagoafternearbyforestswerecut.Thisstrangehabitat,ahodgepodgeofcultivatednativeandexoticplants,seemstosupportaboutasmanymonkeysaswouldasame-sizedpatchofwildforest.Thehowlerseattheleavesandfruitoftheshadetrees,leavingthevaluablecacaopodsalone,sothefarmerstoleratethem.
HEstradabelievesthemonkeysbringunderappreciatedbenefitstosuchfarms,dispersingtheseedsoffigandothershadetreesandfertilizingthesoilwithfeces.HepointsoutthathowlermonkeysliveinshadecoffeeandcacaoplantationsinNicaraguaandCostaRicaaswellasinMexico.Spidermonkeysalsoforageinsuchplantations,thoughtheyneednearbyareasofforesttosurviveinthelongterm.Hehopesthatfarmerswillbegintoseetheadvantagesofassociatingwithwildmonkeys,whichincludespotentialecotourismprojects.
“Conservationisusuallyviewedasaconflictbetweenagriculturalpracticesandtheneedtopreservenature,”Estradasays.“We'removingawayfromthatvisionandbeginningtoconsiderwaysinwhichagriculturalactivitiesmaybecomeatoolfortheconservationofprimatesinhuman-modifiedlandscapes.”
Questions27-32
ReadingPassage3haseightparagraphs,A-H.
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?
Writethecorrectletter,A-H,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.
27Areferenceofrateofreductioninforesthabitats
28Anareawhereonlyonespeciesofmonkeysurvivedwhileothertwospeciesvanished
29Areasonforhowlermonkeystochoosenewleavesasfoodoveroldones30Mentionofhowlermonkey'sdietandeatinghabits
31Areferenceofaskingfarmers'tochangeattitudetowardswildlife
32Theadvantageofhowlermonkey'sflexibilityinlivinginasegmentedhabitat
Questions33-35
Lookatthelistofplacesandthefollowingdescriptionsbelow.
Matcheachdescriptionwiththecorrectplace,A-E.
Writeyouranswers,A-E,inboxes33-35onyouranswersheet.
ListofPlaces
A HaciendaLaPacifica
B SantaRosaNationalPark
C AcacaoplantationinTabasco,Mexico
D EstaciondeBiologiaLosTuxtlasinVeracruz,Mexico
E AmazonBasin
33Aplacewherehowlermonkeysbenefitthelocalregion'sagriculture
34Aplacewhereitistheoriginalhomeforallthreenativemonkeys
35Aplacewherecapuchinmonkeyscametoabetterhabitat
Questions36-40
Completethesentencesbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes36-40onyouranswersheet.
Thereasonswhyhowlermonkeyssurvivebetterinlocalregionthantheothertwospecies
-HowlerslivebetterinLaPacificasincetheycanfeedthemselveswithleaveswhen36 isnoteasilyfound.
-Howlershavebetterabilitytoalleviatethe37 whicholdandyoungtreesusedtoprotectthemselves.
-Whencomparedtothatofspidermonkeysandcapuchinmonkeys,the38 rateofhowlersisrelativelyfaster(roundforjustevery2years).
-Themonkeyscansurviveawayfromopenstreamsandwaterholesastheleavesthathowlerseatholdhighcontentof39 ,whichhelpsthemtoresistthecontinuous40 inGuanacaste.
显示答案
27.G
28.A
29.C
30.B
31.H
32.D
33.C
34.A
35.B
36.fruit
37.planttoxins
38.birth
39.water
40.drought
解题思路
27.根据反向思维信息“forest”和“reduction”推测,原文对应段落中应该出现关于森林栖息地被破坏的内容,可能会提到为什么被破坏,是人为原因,还是自然灾害。
该题目的对应信息出现在原文段落G的第2句话“Duringthe1990s,about1.1millionacresofCentralAmericanforestwerefelledyearly”。
这里讲到“中美洲每年约有110万英亩的森林被砍伐”。
题目中“reduction”与原文中的“felled”相对应,因此正确答案为G。
28.根据反向思维信息“otherspecies...vanished”推测,原文对应段落中应该出现其他种类的猴子,例如,对几种猴子进行比较,最后说由于某种原因导致其他种类的猴子消失等内容。
该题目的对应信息出现在原文段落A的第5、6句话“ThishowlerbelongstoapopulationthathaslivedfordecadesatHaciendaLaPacifica,aworkingcattleranchinGuanacasteprovince.Othernativeprimates-whitefacedcapuchinmonkeysandspidermonkeys-oncewerecommoninthisarea,too,butvanishedafterthepan-AmericanHighwaywasbuiltnearbyinthe1950s。
”这里讲到“这只吼猴来自拉帕西菲卡庄园。
以前这里还有白面卷尾猴和蜘蛛猴,但在20世纪50年代修建公路后就消失了”。
原文中的“Othernativeprimates-whitefacedcapuchinmonkeysandspidermonkeys-oncewerecommoninthisarea,too,butvanishedafterthepan-AmericanHighwaywasbuiltnearbyinthe1950s.”对应题目中的“otherspecies..Vanished”,所以正确答案为A。
29.根据反向思维信息“reasonforhowlermonkeystochoosenewleaves”推测,原文对应
段落中应该出现吼猴吃哪种叶子以及为什么要吃新的叶子。
该题目的对应信息出现在原文段落C的第4句话“…areactuallymorehowlerfriendlythanthoseproducedbytheundisturbed,centuries-oldtreesthatsurvivefarthersouth,intheAmazonBasin”。
这里讲到“在拉帕西菲卡庄园生长的叶子,实际上比那些静静地生长在亚马孙流域的百年古树的叶子更受吼猴的喜爱”。
那么吼猴为什么喜欢呢?
在本段末句“Inyoungerforests,treesputmostoftheirlimitedenergyintogrowingwood,leavesandfruit,sotheyproducemuchlowerlevelsoftoxinthandowell-established,old-growthtrees”。
这里的大意是讲“因为这些树木相对于已成参天大树并生长很久的树木来说,它们产生的毒素要少很多”。
因此,整段都在讲吼猴选择新叶子的前因后果,所以正确答案为C。
30.根据反向思维信息“dietandeatinghabits”推测,原文对应段落中应该出现描述吼
猴饮食习惯的内容。
该题目的对应信息出现在原文段落B第3句话“Howlerscansurviveanyplaceyouhavehalfadozentrees,becausetheireatinghabitsaresoflexible”。
原文这里描述“吼猴能在任何生长着五六棵树的林地存活,因为它们的饮食习惯很灵活”。
综上所述,正确答案为B。
31.根据反向思维信息“askingfarmers'tochangeattitudetowardwildlif
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