考研基础写作03版本.docx
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考研基础写作03版本.docx
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考研基础写作03版本
杭州新东方谢丹丹xddmoontree@
用词丰富
(1)一般→具体
①Somebooksaregood.
有用的:
useful;helpful
开卷有益的:
beneficial
开阔眼界的:
mind-broadening
尽量不要用的词汇:
good;bad;something;terrible
②not+形容词
Hewasnotoftenontime.-->Heusuallycamelate.
HedidnotthinkthatstudyingLatinwasmuchuse.-->HethoughtthestudyofLatinuseless.
注意:
读者绝不满足于被告知不是什么;他希望被告知是什么。
所以尽量少用
not+形容词的结构,而应该多用肯定语态。
(2)普通词→高级词
①表达观点think,believe
→insist;maintain;argue;beoftheopinionthat;beconvincedthat
②表达重要性important
→key;significant;essential;crucial;vital;indispensible;pivotal;beofgreatimportance/Sth.playavital/essentialrolein
③常见的普通词汇转化为高级词汇
Weigh
本来是称重的意思,但可以衍生为权衡
权衡利弊weightheadvantagesanddisadvantageofsh;weightheprosandconsofsth
权衡两种观点weighthetwoarguments
Outweigh
在这件事上,它的利远远大于弊。
Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantagesinthiscase.
Remain
描述不好的状况,且这种状况短期内得不到解决
然而,发展中国家人民的生活水平和健康状况仍然不能让人满意。
However,livingstandardsandhealthconditionsofpeopleindevelopingcountriesremainunsatisfactory.
Shoulder
本来是肩膀的意思,可以衍生为承受
承担责任;为···承担责备
Shouldertheresponsibilities;shouldertheblameforsth
Address
努力解决这个问题
seektoaddresstheproblem
Afford
买的起/住得起/吃的起
也可衍生为承受
后果不堪设想
Wecannotaffordtheconsequences.
(3)主观→客观
知识点:
限定词的使用能使论述更加客观,适度,避免观点的绝对化,提高说服力和信度。
Anation’sprosperitydependsonthenextgeneration.
→Anation’sprosperitydepends,toalargeextent,onthenextgeneration.
知识点:
Toalargeextent从很大程度上
Cosmeticsurgeryisbeneficialtooursociety.
→Onthewhole,Ishouldsaythatcosmeticsurgeryisbeneficialtooursociety.
知识点:
Onthewhole总体上来说
Adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotpromiseagoodpay.
→Adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.
知识点:
Notnecessarily不一定
Thefirstappearancewilldeterminetheapplicant’sfate.
→Thefirstappearancewillmoreoftenthannotdeterminetheapplicant’sfate.
知识点:
Moreoftenthannot往往
句型多样(句子的扩展)
E.G:
我再也不相信爱情了。
恶俗版:
Iwillneverbelievelove.
正常版:
Iwillnevereverbelieveinlove.
四六级作文高分版:
NeverwillIbelieveinloveanymore.
【注】:
大家注意never提到句首的时候,句子要用倒装哦~
托福版:
I'dratherdiethanbelieveinlove.
【注】ratherdosth.thandosth.:
与其……不如……
谷歌机翻版:
Idonotbelieveloveisthe.(谷歌你太坑爹了!
)
莎翁版:
Ohlove,nevershallIbelieveinthee!
【注】:
thee,古英语,第二人称单数宾格形式
Rap版:
Yoyoyocheckitout~Sayloveain'tworthit,don'tchaeverbelieveit,boyyatryin'getit,butIdon'tgiveadamnaboutit~yoboy~
【注】:
giveadamnaboutsth.在意,重视
GRE版:
TheonethingthatIhadputmyfaithinhasnowbeenprovennotworthit,thereforeIdeclaremyselffreefromthisunconvincingaffectioncommonlyknownasLove.
(1)句子的扩展:
短句→长句
可扩展的内同包括:
修饰语;同位语;时间,地点,原因,目的;从句成分;各种短语
①修饰语:
添加修饰名词和动词的词
IgraduatedfromZhejiangUniversity.
→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity.
知识点:
Withhonorsadv.以优异成绩
②加同位语
含义:
一个名词或名词短语对另一个名词或代词(例he,you等)进行修饰
Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity.
→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina.
③加时间,地点,原因,目的等
Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina.
→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010.
④加从句
Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010.
→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.
⑤加各种短语
知识点:
Undoubtedly/undeniably/admittedly,generallyspeaking/onthewhole/byandlarge/allinall,asamatteroffact,tobehonest/frank/totellthetruth,tobebrief/inaword等短语。
Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.
→Totellthetruth,Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.
⑥扩句前vs扩句后
IgraduatedfromZhejiangUniversity.(5words)
→Totellthetruth,Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinHangzhouNewOrientalSchool.(34words)
练习:
1、Iloveyou.
+修饰语
Iwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou.
+时间状语
Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyouuntiltheheavenandearthgetold.
+同位语
Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.
+定语从句
Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,whoseeyesarefilledwithtendernessandencouragement,whichhavesupportedmeallthewayhere,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.
+其他细节
IswearbythemoonandstarsintheskythatIwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,whoseeyesarefilledwithtendernessandencouragement,whichhavesupportedmeallthewayhere,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.
2、吸烟应该被禁止。
Smokingshouldbebanned.
→Frommypointofview,smoking,thebiggestkillerofmankind,which,accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedbyWHO,claimsthreemillionliveseveryannually,shoulddefinitelybebanned.
3、现在,年轻人中“闪婚现象”越来越多。
Nowadays,withprofoundchangesinpeople’svalues,especiallymarriagevalues,“flashmarriage”,orShanhun,isgraduallygainingitswidepopularityamongyoungpeople,whichhasdrawnmuchconcernfromallwalksoflife.
三、句型多样
主要包括:
从句;无灵主语;被动句;倒装;非谓语动词;仿句。
1、高分必杀技:
从句
E.g:
不要迷恋哥,哥只是传说。
Donotgetobsessedwiththebrotherwho/thatisnothingbutalegend.
Donotgetobsessedwiththebrother,whoisnothingbutalegend.
Smokingwhichclaimsthreemillionliveseveryyearshoulddefinitelybebanned.
Smoking,which,accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedbyWHO,claimsthreemillionliveseveryyear,shoulddefinitelybebanned.
知识点:
非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是词和句子。
(1)非限制性定语从句
学费很高,这对于普通家庭来说是一个很重的经济负担。
Thetuitionistoohigh,whichisaveryheavyfinancialburdenon/toaveragefamilies.
(2)As引导的非限制性定语从句
众所周知:
Asweallknow,+句子
Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,
E.g:
众所周知,没有什么比学习英语更重要。
Asisknowntoall,nothingplaysamoreessentialrolethanlearningEnglish.
知识点:
As考研写作有用句型:
Aswehavediscussed/mentionedabove;Ashasbeendiscussed/mentionedabove,
正如以上讨论/提及过的
Aspeoplehaveoftenpointedout/Asissooftenpointedout,
正如人们常常指出的
Ascanbeseenfromtheabovegraph;
Asisindicated/revealed/shownintheabovegraph
正如以上图表所显示的
E.g:
正如许多科学家们所指出的,长时间的噪音会导致听力下降,甚至使人发疯。
Asmanyscientistshavepointedout,longexposuretonoisecanleadtothelossofhearingandevendrivepeoplemad.
Ashasbeenpointedoutbymanyscientists,longexposuretonoisecanleadtothelossofhearingandevendrivepeoplemad.
E.g:
正如我们所知,一张名牌大学的文凭不一定意味着好的收入。
Asweallknow,adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.
Adiplomafromafamousuniversity,asweallknow,doesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.
2、定语从句:
Thosewho
那些倡导使用私家车的人忽略了这样一个事实:
私家车对环境造成很大伤害。
Thosewhoadvocatetheuseofprivatecarsneglectthefactthatprivatecarsbringgreatharmtotheenvironment.
*高分替换
Neglect→failtonotice
bringgreatharmto→poseagreatthreatto
3、It作形式主语
你若迷恋姐,就只会吐血。
→你若迷恋姐,你吐血就是难免的。
→Thatyouwillspitbloodisinevitableifyougetobsessedwiththesister.
→Itisinevitablethatyouwillspitbloodifyougetobsessedwiththesister.
(1)Itis+过去分词+that从句
知识点:
Itisreportedthat据报道
Itisgenerallybelievedthat人们普遍认为
Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认的是,
E.g:
据说人永远不能用自己的舌头舔到自己的手肘。
Itissaidthatonecannotlickhisownelbowwithhisowntongue.
E.g:
然而必须承认的是,排名是鼓励大学之间相互竞争的有效途径。
However,itmustbeadmittedthatrankingisaneffectivemeanstoencourageuniversitiesorcollegestocompetewitheachother.
(2)Itis+形容词+that/todo
知识点:
Itisnecessary/imperativetodo/that
Itiswell-knowntoallthat众所周知
E.g:
早上吃的像皇帝,中午吃的像平民,晚上吃的像乞丐,这样做最明智。
Itisadvisabletoeatlikeakinginthemorning,acommonmanatnoonandabeggarintheevening.
(3)Itis+名词+that
知识点:
Itisauniversallyacceptedfactthat人们都普遍接受的事实是
Itismybeliefthat我认为
E.g:
覆水难收。
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
E.g:
很多人不知道猫的尿液是夜光的。
Itisnotauniversallyknownfactthattheurineofacatisluminous.
E.g:
事实证明,如果把工厂里面的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰色,工人就会干得更勤奋,更出色,事故也会更少。
Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentsiftheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.
练习:
1、将幸福等同于赚更多的钱、住宽敞的的房子是错误的。
Itiswrongtoequatehappinesswithmakingmoremoneyandlivinginaspacioushouse.
高分替换:
wrong→wrong-headed(固执错误、刚愎自用的)
2、我们必须采取有效措施打击网络犯罪。
Itisnecessary/essential/imperativethatwetakeeffectivemeasurestofightcybercrimes.
高分替换:
Fight→combat
知识点:
Itishightimethatsbdidsth.
4、无灵主语
含义:
由无生命的事物来做主语展开句子。
中英差异:
汉文化属于人文文化,讲究“天人合一”,以人为本,故主语的取向多为人。
英文化是科学文化,重物质,强调客观至上,主语的取向多为物。
E.g.被动句/无灵主语句
E.g:
每天早上我都还睡在床上。
Iaminbedeverymorning.
→Morningfindsmeinbed.
E.g:
Inthepastyears,myfacebecameweathered.
→Yearshaveweatheredmyface.岁月苍老了我的容颜。
(1)时间/地点作主语
E.g:
近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游。
Inthepastdecade,moreandmorepeopleincityXtravelledabroad.
→Thepastdecadehas
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