自考08年试题及答案.docx
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自考08年试题及答案.docx
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自考08年试题及答案
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读
(二)试题
课程代码:
00596
请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。
全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)
I.ReadingComprehension.(50points,2pointsforeach)
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Whetheryou’redeliveringaspeech,approachingyourbossforaraiseoraddressingaudienceonanimportantsocialoccasion,doyourhomework.Themostpolished,smoothlydelivered,spontaneous-soundingtalksaretheresultofmanyhoursofwork.Thememorableone-linersandmovingphrasesthatgodowninhistorydon’tcomefromlastminuteburstofinspiration.
Ifyou’remakingapresentationofanysort,beginpreparingasfaraheadoftimeaspossible.“Goodwriting,”saysHarvardUniversityhistorianRichardMarius,“isakindofwrestlingwiththought.”Beginthewrestlingmatchearly.Twodaysbeforeyourpresentationisusuallytoolatetogointotheringandcomeupwithawinningidea.
Prepareyourselfaswellasyourmaterial,givingspecialattentiontoyourvoice.Ashrill,nasaltonestrikesyourlistenerlikechalkscreechingonablackboard.Byputtingenergyandresonanceintoyourvoice,youwillhaveapositiveeffect.Ifyourvoiceistimidorquiverswithnervousness,yousenseit,theaudiencehearsit,andyouseediscomfortintheireyes.Withenergyandenthusiasminyourvoice,thelistenerssayahhh,tellmemore.Youreadapproval.
Likeyourvoice,yourappearanceisacommunicationtool.Forexample,ifyouareanimated,youaremostlikelytoseeanimatedlisteners.Yougivetheaudiencethemessage:
I’mgladI’mhere;I’mgladyou’rehere.
However,don’teverassumethatanaudience,aninterviewer,yourbosswillbesympathetic.Alwaysbepreparedforagrilling.Thinkbeforehandofthetentoughestquestionsyoucouldgetandbereadywithyouranswers.Andremember,whenyou’reaskedahostilequestion,nevershowhostilitytoyourquestioner.Ifyoudo,youlose.
Whilethehostilequestioneristalking,prepareyourresponse.Takeapositivetackimmediately,andmakeyouranswershort.Theinstanttheinterviewerfinishesthequestion,begintheanswer:
firstpoint,secondpoint,thirdpoint...bingo,yourconclusion.
Thewayyoulistengivesmessagesaboutyoutoo.Listenwithinterest,focusingyoureyesonthespeaker.Ifheorsheissittingnexttoyou,angleyourbodyslightlyinthechairsothatyou’returnedtowardtheperson.Animateyourfacewithapproval.Itsays,I’mwithyou,I’minterestedinwhatyou’resaying.
Onceyou’repreparedforasituation,you’re50percentofthewaytowardovercomingnervousness.Theother50percentisthephysicalandmentalcontrolofnervousness:
adjustingyourattitudesoyouhaveconfidence,andcontrolofyourselfandyouraudience.
Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Themethodsthatonecanusetoletpeopleagreewithhimorherinaspeech.
B.Howtomakeone’svoiceandappearancepleasantwhenonegivesspeeches.
C.Theimportanceofpreparationbeforeonetalkstopeopleonformaloccasions.
D.Howtoovercomeanxietywhenonetalkstotheaudienceonformaloccasions.
2.“One-liners”(Para.1)are________.
A.well-writtenarticlesB.excellentspeeches
C.singlewittysentencesD.unforgettablephrases
3.Bysaying“likechalkscreechingonablackboard”(Para.3),theauthor________.
A.referstothefeelinganunpleasantvoicearousesintheaudience
B.pointsoutthatoneneedstousechalktowriteontheblackboard
C.meansthatoneshouldspeakloudenoughforallaudiencetohear
D.stressesthatonemustputenergyandresonanceintohisorhervoice
4.Whenaskedahostilequestion,oneshould________.
A.answerquicklyandbrieflyB.ignorethequestiontotally
C.defendhimselforherselffirmlyD.respondsmartlyandpleasantly
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Oneshouldlookoutfortoughquestionsfromanaudiencebeforehand.
B.Oneshouldspendalotoftimepreparingbeforetalkingtoanaudience.
C.Ifonelooksactiveandvigorous,theaudiencewillrespondaccordingly.
D.Ifonemakesathoroughpreparationhewon’tbenervousatallinaspeech.
PassageTwo
Soccermightbethemostpopularsportintheworld,butfordecades,Americanshavemanagedtoresistitscharm.Theirattentionhasbeenfocused,ofcourse,onthebigthreeAmericansports:
baseball,footballandbasketball.AndwhilesoccerisrapidlygainingpopularityamongyoungerAmericans,theoldergenerationremainsdetachedfromthegame,evenwhentherestoftheworldisgluedtoTVscreenswatchingthe2006WorldCupmatches.
It’snotasthoughsoccerisastrangertoAmericanshores.TheU.S.nationalsoccerteamplayedinthefirstWorldCupin1930.Butfromthestart,thegamehadanimageformanyAmericansasanimmigrantsport.StillsoccerbegantoattractmoreattentionintheUnitedStatesafterthe1974WorldCup.
Thefollowingyear,thecountrygotitsfirstprofessionalsoccerteams,withthelaunchoftheNorthAmericanSoccerLeague.TheNewYorkCosmosbecametheleague’sflagshipfranchisewhenitacquiredastellarrosterofplayersfrom16differentcountries,includingtheBraziliansoccerlegendPele,thehigh-scoringItaliangreatGeorgioChinagalia,andGermansuperstarFranzBeckenbauer.By1977,attendanceatAmericansoccergameshadgrowntoarecord62,000.
PeppePinton,aveteransoccerplayerandtheexecutivedirectoroftheCosmossoccercamps,likestorecallthosegoldendayswhenAmericanfanspackedthestadiumstowatchsomeoftheworld’sbestsoccerplayers—mostofthemplayingonthesameteam.“Americansareusedtowatchwinners,”Pintonsays.“Americansareusedtowatchsuperstars,greatplayersinallsports,andtheyarenotsettlingforinferiority.TheCosmosteamwasnotsuccessfulintheearlyyears,butitwassuccessfulwhenthoseplayerscamehere.”
Peoplelineduptogetintothestadiumliketheywouldlineuptogetintoapopularrestaurant,Pintonsays.“Peopleattractedpeople.AndtheCosmosmadethishappenallovertheU.S.,”hesays.“ItdrewrecordcrowdsinSeattle,inMiami,inTampa,Boston,inChicagoandthentheywentallovertheworld.TheywentevenintoChinawhennobodywasreachingChinathoseyears.”
Butfor40years,theU.S.wasunabletoqualifyforWorldCupgamesbecausemostoftheplayersonitssoccerteamswerenotAmericancitizens.Finally,in1990,withenoughhome-grownornaturalizedplayersonitsrosters,theU.S.wasabletofieldaWorldCupteam.
Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo.
6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.TheU.S.hasbeenplayinginWorldCupfor20years.
B.SoccerisnotoneofthetopspectatorsportsintheU.S.
C.ManyplayersonAmerica’ssoccerteamwereforeigners.
D.MoreandmoreyoungpeopleintheU.S.areenjoyingsoccer.
7.WhichistrueabouttheNewYorkCosmos?
A.Itwasestablishedin1975.
B.Itplayedinthe1974WorldCup.
C.Itwasagreatsuccessinmid-1970s.
D.Itbrokeasportrecordinthelate1970s.
8.ItissuggestedthatmoreandmoreAmericanswillwatchsoccerif________.
A.theirteamplaysintheWorldCup
B.therearesuperstarplayersintheirteams
C.thereisgreaterpromotionofthesport
D.morematchesarearrangedintheircountry
9.WhichyearisthemostglorioustimeforsoccerintheU.S.?
A.1974.B.1977.
C.1990.D.2006.
10.“Field”(Para.6)hastheclosestmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?
A.Tosponsorateam.B.Tohostasportsevent.
C.Toprovideagamevenue.D.Tosendplayerstoagame.
PassageThree
ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”
Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Hesays,“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproduced
chemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—substancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity,“We’vegotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”
Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.
Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelon
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