ANALYSIS OF PAULS OEDIPUS COMPLEX IN SONS AND LOVERS.docx
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ANALYSIS OF PAULS OEDIPUS COMPLEX IN SONS AND LOVERS.docx
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ANALYSISOFPAULSOEDIPUSCOMPLEXINSONSANDLOVERS
ANALYSISOFPAUL’SOEDIPUSCOMPLEXINSONSANDLOVERS
by
HuJunjie
June,2007
XiaoganUniversity
Abstract
D.H.LawrenceisoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistsofthe20thcentury.Duringhislife-longliterarycareer,hehadwrittenmorethantennovelsandseveralvolumesofshortstories.Besidesbeingagreatnovelist,heisalsoapoet,acombativeessayist,anatmospherictravel-writer,andprolificliterarycorrespondent.Histruegreatnessliesinhisnovels,onwhichhisreputationrests.
HisSonsandLoversisconsideredasoneofthemostinnovativenovelsofthetwentiethcentury.Inthebook,theextremelyemotionsgivenbytheprotagonistPaultohismotherisabrilliantillustrationofDoctorFreud’spsychologicaltheoryofOedipuscomplex.Therearesixpartsinthepaper.Thefirstpartisanintroduction.Itgivesabriefintroductiontotheauthorandhisworks,especiallyhisSonsandLovers.ThesecondpartservesasageneralreviewofFreud’sOedipuscomplex.Themainbodyincludesthethirdandfourthparts,wherePaul’sOedipuscomplexanditsreasonsareanalyzedmaterialisticallyandobjectively.ThefollowingpartintendstoshowhowLawrence’slifeexperienceespeciallyhismarriageexperienceandthepresentsocialbackgroundinfluencehischaracterizationofPaulandthemeaningofthecharacter,Paul.Thelastpartistheconclusionofthispaper.
KeyWords:
SonsandLovers;Oedipuscomplex;abnormalmaternity;industrial
civilization
《儿子与情人》中保罗的恋母情结分析
摘要
劳伦斯是20世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一。
他在一生的文学生涯中,创作出了十多篇小说以及若干短篇故事。
他不仅是诗人﹑小说家,同时也是散文家﹑多产的记者和大气旅行作家。
他的名气主要体现在他小说的写作上。
劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》被誉为20世纪最具创新精神的长篇小说之一。
在作品中,主人公保罗对其母亲挚热的感情,符合弗洛伊德心理学中的“俄狄浦斯情结”的症状。
本文共有六大部分。
第一部分是对劳伦斯及其作品的介绍,尤其是其《儿子与情人》。
第二部分是对弗洛伊德心理学理论中的“俄狄浦斯情结”的介绍。
主要部分是第三﹑四两个部分,在这两部分中,对保罗的恋母情结及其产生原因作了唯物的客观的分析。
在接下来的一部分,从劳伦斯自身的生活经历尤其是他的婚姻感情经历出发,结合当时的社会历史背景,不难看出劳伦斯塑造保罗这一人物的目的与意义,即对造成人性扭曲和人物悲剧的机器大工业文明的批判。
最后一个部分是对本文的总结。
关键词:
儿子与情人;恋母情结;畸形母爱;工业文明
Contents
1.Introduction1
1.1AboutD.H.Lawrence1
1.2AboutSonsandLovers1
2.AgeneralreviewofOedipusComplex1
3.Paul’sOedipusComplex3
3.1TheemotionsbetweenPaulandhismother3
3.2TheconflictsbetweenPaulandhismother4
4.ThefactorscausedPaul’sOedipusComplex4
4.1Mother’sabnormalmaternity5
4.2TheotherfamilymembersandPaul6
4.3ThesocialeffectsonPaul7
5.ThereasonsofLawrence’scharacterizationofPaul7
5.1FamilybackgroundandlifeofLawrence7
5.2Themeaningofthecharacter,Paul8
6.Conclusion9
Notes10
Bibliography11
Acknowledgements12
AnalysisofPaul’sOedipusComplexinSonsandLovers
1.Introduction
1.1AboutD.H.Lawrence
D.H.Lawrence,isoneofthemostoriginalandcontroversialEnglishwritersofthe20thcentury.Hewasconsideredoneofthe“makes”ofmodernEnglishfiction.
Lawrencetookhumanrelationship,especiallythatofmenandwomen,ashismajortheme.Hisnovelsarefullofscenesofsensuousbeauty,withalotofnaturalisticdetails.Hisworksturnedouttobeachallengetoconventionalmorality.Andsomepeoplerejectedthem,especiallyLadyChatterley’sLover(1928),aspornographic.Buthisbooksarefilledwithideasandtheypenetrateintotheshadowsofthehumanpsyche.Inhisworks,Lawrenceshowedtheinstinctualforceinhumannatureandofferedacritiqueofmodernindustrialsociety.
Lawrence’slifetimewasshort,butheleftalotofcontroversialandcharacteristicliteraryworks.TherearemanydiscriptionofundisguisedsexualactivitiesinhisworkswhicharebasedonEnglishnativecountry,butitsmainintentionistoexpressakeencriticismofsociety.Bothsocialcriticismandcharacters’psychologicalexplorationarethebasiccharacteristicsofLawrence’sworks.
HisfirstnovelwasSonsandLovers(1913).HisotherenduringworksaretheRainbow(1915),WomeninLove(1920),TheLostGirl(1920),andsoon,andthebookthatbroughthimhisill-famewas,ofcourse,LadyChatterley’sLover.
Uptonow,therearemanyscholarswhostudyhisworks,especiallyhisSonsandLovers.Somescholarsresearchthereligionofthebook,andsometalkaboutitspregnantmeaning,andsomearguethestructureandstyle,evensomesurveythefeminisminthebook.Thispaperintendstotalkaboutthemaincharacter,Paul’sdistortionofpersonalityandfeelingbyanalyzinghisOedipuscomplexanditsmeaning.
1.2AboutSonsandLovers
SonsandLovers(1913),containingmanyautobiographicaldetails,isLawrence’smasterpieceandalsohismostpopularnovel.Ittellsthestoryofaminer’sfamily-theMorelfamily.Mrs.Morelisdisillusionedwithherhusband,acoarseandhard-drinkingminer.Therefore,sheplacesallherexpectationsonhersons,especiallyPaul.AsPaulgrowsolder,tensionsdevelopinthisrelationship,untilhispassionsforanothertwowomeninvolvehimintoafatalconflictofloveandpossessiveness.ThisbookhasbeenregardedbycriticsasabrilliantillustrationofFreud’stheoryofOedipuscomplex.
2.AgeneralreviewofOedipuscomplex
ThisconceptisintroducedinInterpretationofDreams(1899),“referringtothetwoGreeklegends:
theThebanheroOedipuswhounknowinglyslewhisfatherandmarriedhismother,anditsfemaleanalogue,Electrawhohelpedslayhermother.Ifthechildcan'tsmoothlypassthroughthismentalstage,thereshouldoccuran‘infantileneurosis’thatisanimportantforerunnerofsimilarreactionsduringthechild’sadultlife.ThesuperegoalsohasitsoriginintheprocessofovercomingtheOedipuscomplex.FreudconsideredthereactionsagainsttheOedipusComplexthemostimportantsocialachievementsofthehumanmind.”[1]
Wespeakof“love”whenwelaytheaccentuponthementalsideofthesexualimpulsesanddisregard,orwishtoforgetforamoment,thedemandsofthefundamentalphysicalor“sensual”sideoftheimpulses.Ataboutthetimewhenthemotherbecomesthelove-object,thementaloperationofrepressionhasalreadybeganinthechildandhaswithdrawnfromhimtheknowledgeofsomepartofhissexualaims.Nowwiththechoiceofthemotheraslove-objectisconnectedallthatwhich,underthenameof“theOedipusComplex,”hasbecomeofsuchgreatimportanceinthepsychoanalyticexplanationoftheneuroses,andwhichhashadaperhapsequallyimportantshareincausingtheoppositionagainstpsychoanalysis...
ThereisnopossibledoubtthatoneofthemostimportantsourcesofthesenseofguiltwhichsooftentormentsneuroticpeopleistobefoundintheOedipuscomplex....Nowwhatdoesdirectobservationofchildren,attheperiodofobject-choicebeforethelatencyperiod,showusinregardtotheOedipuscomplex?
Well,itiseasytoseethatthelittlemanwantshismotheralltohimself,findshisfatherintheway,becomesrestivewhenthelattertakesuponhimselftocaressher,andshowshissatisfactionwhenthefathergoesawayorisabsent.Heoftenexpresseshisfeelingsdirectlyinwordsandpromiseshismothertomarryher;thismaynotseemmuchincomparisonwiththedeedsofOedipus,butitisenoughinfact;thekernelofeachisthesame.Observationisoftenrenderedpuzzlingbythecircumstancesthatthesamechildonotheroccasionsatthisperiodwilldisplaygreataffectionforthefather;butsuchcontrasting-or,better,ambivalent-statesoffeeling,whichinadultswouldleadtoconflicts,canbetoleratedalongsideoneanotherinthechildforalongtime,justaslaterontheydwelltogetherpermanentlyintheunconscious.Onemighttrytoobjectthatthelittleboy’sbehaviorisduetoegoisticmotivesanddoesnotjustifytheconceptionofaneroticComplex;themotherlooksafterallthechildren’sneedsandconsequentlyitistothechild'sinterestthatsheshouldtroubleherselfaboutnoelse.Thistooisquitecorrect;butitissoonclearthatinthis,asinsimilardependentsituations,egoisticinterestsonlyprovidetheoccasiononwhichtheeroticimpulsesseize.Whenthelittleboyshowsthemostopensexualcuriosityabouthismother,wantstosleepwithheratnight,insistsonbeingintheroomwheresheisdressing,orevenattemptsphysicalactsofseduction,asthemothersooftenobservesandlaughinglyrelates,theeroticnatureofthisattachmenttoherisestablishedwithoutadoubt.Moreover,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatamotherlooksafteralittledaughter’sneedsinthesamewaywithoutproducingthiseffect;andthatoftenenoughafathereagerlyvieswithherintroublefortheboywithoutsucceedinginwinningthesameimportanceinhiseyesasthemother.Inshort,thefactorofsexpreferenceisnottobeeliminatedfromthesituationbyanycriticisms.Fromthepointofreviewoftheboy’segoisticinterestsitwouldmerelybefoolishifhedidnottoleratetwopeopleinhisserviceratherthanonlyoneofthem.
InSonsandLovers,themaincharacterPaulhasaseriousOedipuscomplex.Thereasonswillbefoundinthepaper.
3.Paul’sOedipusComplex
3.1TheemotionsbetweenPaulandhismother
Paulismoredelicateandquietthananyotherchildrenwithhispalefaces,andlooksolderthantheotherchildrenatthesameage.Sohisillnesstendstofurtherhismother’sloveuponhimstillmore.Heisveryconsciousofwhatotherpeoplefeel,particularlyhismother.Whenshefrets,hecanunderstandher,andcan’tkeephimselfcalmatthesametime;hisattentionseemsalwaystobecentralizedtoher.
Paul’spassionsuponhismotherandthemother’suponhimarequietlymutual.Whenheistogetherwithhismother,hislovespewslikeafountain,andhisinspirationflasheslikeaflame.Boththeflowersheplucksandtherewardshegetsaretobedevotedtohismother,onlyforherself.Theytelleachothertheirf
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