on college education.docx
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on college education.docx
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oncollegeeducation
南京理工大学
2012年Mini研究项目报告
作者:
学院(系):
题目:
指导老师:
2012年9月
OnCollegeEducation
Abstract:
Foralongtime,education,especiallycollegeeducation,isasignificanttopicthatwehavediscussednationally.Asisknowntoall,ithasbeenaparamountprobleminourcountry.Inordertohaveafurthercomprehensionaboutcurrentsituationofcollegeeducationinourcountry,wespentdaysgoingthroughallrelatedreferencematerialandcomparedthecollegeeducationincurrentChinawiththatinothercountriesandrepublicanperiod.Simultaneously,weconductedasurveytoknowaboutthethoughtsofcollegestudentsaboutcurrenthighereducationandanalyzedtheresults.Itisapitythatoureducationsystemstillhasalotofleaks.Ourpurposeistoperfectitatfullsteam.
Keywords:
collegeeducation;imperfection;comprehension
1.Introduction
Collegeeducationisofgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentofacountry.Favorableacademiacanprovideinnumerabletalentedelites,whowillmakegreatcontributiontotheconstructionofourcountry.Inotherwords,thefutureofourcountryliesincollegestudents.Therefore,howtoimproveandperfectcollegeeducationappearsofgreatconcern.
2.ThecomparisonbetweenthecollegeeducationinChinaandothercountries
2.1.Itiseasytoenterbutdifficulttograduatefromaforeigncollege,whilethesituationinChinesecollegeisconverse.
Forthepolicyaboutthecollegeentryandthegraduationinsomecountriesisthatitiseasytoenterbutdifficulttograduate.TakeEnglandforanexample,everybodyhastherighttostudyinacollegenomatterheorshecomesfromlocalareaorothercountriesonthebasisofpassingexams.Butduringtheschooling,30%ofthestudentswillbeeliminated.Inaddition,forthegraduationtheprocessisextremelyrigorous,whichcontributestothequalityofthegraduates.
InChina,theenrollmentofnewstudentsbasesmostlyontheuniversityentranceexaminationwhichisquiethardforyoungcitizens.Meanwhile,thiskindofcriterioncannottotallyevaluateone’sability,anditcouldmisleadstudentsaboutthetargetoflearning.
2.2.Intermsofsettingcourses,includedareoptionalcourses,generaleducationandspecializedcoursesabroad,whileChinesecollegespaymoreattentiontothecultivationofspecializedsocialmembers.
GeneraleducationoriginatedinAmerica,whosegoalisnurturinglearners’basicindustries.InAmerica,studentsdonothaveexplicitmajorsintheirfirsttwoyears,andtheylearngeneralcourses,whichbroadentheireyesandhelpthemgraduallyfindtheirinterests.
However,oureducationpolicyfollowedthemodelofSovietUnionafter1950s,sothesubjectscouldnotbecomemoredetailed.Inthemediumof1980s,thetotalnumberofmajorssoaredto1343.
2.3.Thefundsinvestedtoeducationvary.
Educationconsumingaccountedfor5.1%oftheGNPonworld’saveragelevel.Fordevelopedcountries,thepercentageis5.3%,thecounterpartinIndiaandChinaare3.5%and2.3%respectively.Thecountrywhosepopulationconstituted40%oftheworld’sinvestedonly1.5%oftheworld’seducationconsumingtoitseducationarea.
2.4.Ontheforeigneducationmodel,studentsactastheleadingroles,andtheyobeythetotalcreditsystem.WhileinChina,teachersareleadersandenforcetheacademicyearcreditsystem.
Foraninstance,collegestudentsinAmericahavetherighttochoosenotonlytheirsubject,buttheircourses,time,teachersandeventheirlearningmethods,whichpermitsstudentstograduateaheadoftime.
Althoughrecentyearsourcountryhasstartedtocarryoutthecreditsystem,thecountrystillneedsmoretimetorealizethetotalcreditsystem.InChina,electivecourseshaveemerged,buttherangeofthecoursesisnarrowandfixed.Consideringthis,itisnottherealcreditsystem.
2.5.Forteachingpersonnel,itishigh-levelandinternationaloverseas,whiletheinternalremainstoimprove.
Foreignuniversitiesattachmuchimportancetoteachers.Ontheonehand,theyinviterenownedscholarstoholdlecturesforundergraduates.Ontheotherhand,theystimulatetheirprofessorstobeinternationalprofessors.InYaleUniversity,thecriterionofassessingaprofessionisextremelystark.HalfoftheteachersinYaleUniversityareforeignteachers.
RecentlytheimportanceofexcellentteachingpersonnelisincreasinglyrealizedbytheauthoritiesinChina.However,therelatedpolicyhasnotbeencompleted;especially,notalltheteachershavethecapacitytocultivatetalentedstudents.ItisalsoubiquitousinChinathatsomeprofessorsarealsoinchargeofotherposts,whichoccupiestheirtime.Forinternationalcommunication,thoughthereisstillgapbetweenourcollegesandforeigncolleges,weareconsistentlydeveloping.
AfteranalyzingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeigncollegeeducation,letusfocusonthecollegeeducationintheRepublicofChina.
3.CollegeeducationintheRepublicofChina
RepublicanperiodcanbedescribedasadarkandhumiliatingepochinChinesehistory.Inthisperiod,warlordsmelee,foreigninvasionandcivilwarbrokeout.Facedwithdomestictroubleandforeigninvasion,Chinaisindirestraits.However,itisduringthisperiodthatChinesehighereducationusheredinagoldenageofrapiddevelopment.Universitiesatthattimewerefarbetterthantodayintalentcultivation.WhatonearthcausedtheretrogressionofcollegeeducationinChina?
Letusmakeacarefulanalysisofthisstrangephenomenon.
3.1.EducationexpenditureAtthebeginningoftheestablishmentoftheRepublicofChinain1912,SunYat-senimmediatelyimplementedfreeandcompulsoryeducationinChinaandstipulatedthattheexpenditureforeducation,science,technologyandcultureshouldnotbelessthan15%ofitstotalbudget.Inthecontemporaryage,ourcountry'seducationexpenditurestillcannotreachupto4%oftheGDP.Justfromtheaspectofeducationexpenditurewecaneasilyexpoundtheretrogressionofcontemporarycollegeeducation.
3.2.TeachingstaffWhenitcomestothemastersoftheRepublicanperiod,peoplewillnaturallythinkofLuXun,HuShi,ZhuZiqing,WenYiduo,XianXinghai,LiangSicheng,JiXianlin,andsoon.However,nowadayswhocanbegiventheappellation“theMaster”?
Astheoldsayinggoes"Thebestwaytolearnistolearnfromthebest".Undertheguidanceofthesemasters,elitistswillspringuplikebambooshootsafteraspringrain.ThisexplainswhyalloftheChineseAmericanNobelPrizewinnersarefromtherepublicancolleges.
3.3.StudentsselectionTherepublicancollegesfollowednosetformwhentheyevaluateapplicants.Aslongasonewasproficiencyinaparticularline,thecollegewouldadmityou.Forexample,thefamousscholarQianZhongshuoncetookpartintheentranceexamsofTsinghuaUniversityin1929.Hismathwasonly15pointsbuthegotfullmarksinChineseandEnglish.TsinghuaUniversitycherishedhisgeniusandmakeanexceptiontoadmithim.SuchamiracleisabsolutelyimpossibleInmoderntimes.Unconscionableselectionmodealsoleadstoaseriousproblemthattoday'sstudentsarestereotypedandmediocre.
3.4.AcademicfreedomAsCaiYuanpeisaid:
"Freedomofthoughtisthegeneralpracticeofworld-classuniversities."ThecollegesoftheRepublicgenerallyadvocatefreedomanddemocracyandmaintainahighdegreeofautonomy.However,intoday'scolleges,administrativeauthorityandacademyco-exist.Shroudedinmoneyandauthority,academicresearchisnotpureanymore.Whenacollegepaysattentiontootherthingsinsteadoftheacademicexcessively,sheisdifficulttogainabigachievement.ThisistheprobableanswertotheinquiryofQianXuesen.
Inshort,therepublicanmastershavepassedaway,weshouldnotonlyengravetheworktheyleft,butalsolearnfromtheirpersonalityofindependentthinkandthoughtofacademicfreedom.Onlyinthiswaycanweexcelourpredecessors.
4.Investigation
Weconductedasurveytoknowaboutthethoughtsofcollegestudentsaboutcurrenthighereducation.Thedetailsofquestionnairecanbecheckedontheappendix.Hereissomeexplanationaboutthesurvey.
Wesentout50questionnairesintotalandwegot50back.Thespecialpointisthatwesent25questionnairestofreshmenfortheyhavejuststartedtheircollegelivesandtheircollegeexperienceiszero.Maybetheirviewpointcanstandforpeoplewithoutcollegeexperience.Wehavetopointoutthatweonlyconductedthesurveybetweenboys,becausefreshmenareonspecialoccasions.Sotheresultcanbealittledifferentfromthetruth,butitisclose.Andresultsareasfollows:
Num.
Freshman
Sophomore,JuniorandSenior
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
1
25
0
16
9
2
25
0
0
2
10
13
3
2
3
15
5
0
5
19
1
4
3
8
14
19
5
1
5
3
1
2
2
3
10
8
9
6
17
6
2
19
3
3
7
16
14
8
17
15
3
8
2
19
4
0
1
21
3
0
9
1
19
5
1
21
3
10
1
2
17
5
0
10
13
2
Hereistheanalysisoftheresults:
Astheresultsdemonstrate,moststudentsstudynotonlyforknowledge,butalsofortheabilitytostudybythemselves,whichisrequiredinthisfierceworld.“Whatwelearntodayislimited,anditisnotenoughforourfuturejob.Thereissomuchtolearn,wehavetolearnbyourselves.”SophomorestudentZhangsaid.
Thepityisthatthoughourgovernmentcontributesalargenumberofresourcestotheestablishmentandperfectionofeducationsystem,studentswithcollegeexperienceholdtheconvictionthatcurrenteducationsystemreducedtheirintereststostudy.Comparatively,thosewithnoorlittlecollegeexperiencedonothaveaclea
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