GCC编译过程.docx

GCC编译过程.docx

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GCC编译过程

GCC词法分析，语法分析，语义分析

答案：

一、gcc编译过程分为四段：

预处理、编译、汇编、链接

预处理：

gcc-Ehello.c-ohello.i

●参数-E表示只进行预处理或者也可以使用以下指令完成预处理过程。

●将所有的#define删除，并且展开所有的宏定义

●处理所有的条件预编译指令，比如#if，#ifdef，#elif，#else，#endif等。

●处理#include预编译指令，将被包含的文件插入到该预编译指令的位置。

●删除所有注释“//”和”/**/”.

●添加行号和文件标识，以便编译时产生调试用的行号及编译错误警告行号。

●保留所有的#pragma编译器指令，因为编译器需要使用它们。

预处理结果：

#1"hello.c"

#1""

#1"<命令行>"

#1"hello.c"

#1"/usr/include/stdio.h"134

#28"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

#1"/usr/include/features.h"134

#363"/usr/include/features.h"34

#1"/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h"134

#372"/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h"34

#1"/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h"134

#373"/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h"234

#364"/usr/include/features.h"234

#387"/usr/include/features.h"34

#1"/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h"134

#1"/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h"134

#5"/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h"234

#1"/usr/include/gnu/stubs-32.h"134

#8"/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h"234

#388"/usr/include/features.h"234

#29"/usr/include/stdio.h"234

#1"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.6.2/include/stddef.h"134

#212"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.6.2/include/stddef.h"34

typedefunsignedintsize_t;

#35"/usr/include/stdio.h"234

#1"/usr/include/bits/types.h"134

#28"/usr/include/bits/types.h"34

#1"/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h"134

#29"/usr/include/bits/types.h"234

typedefunsignedchar__u_char;

typedefunsignedshortint__u_short;

typedefunsignedint__u_int;

typedefunsignedlongint__u_long;

typedefsignedchar__int8_t;

typedefunsignedchar__uint8_t;

typedefsignedshortint__int16_t;

typedefunsignedshortint__uint16_t;

typedefsignedint__int32_t;

typedefunsignedint__uint32_t;

__extension__typedefsignedlonglongint__int64_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlonglongint__uint64_t;

__extension__typedeflonglongint__quad_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlonglongint__u_quad_t;

#131"/usr/include/bits/types.h"34

#1"/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h"134

#132"/usr/include/bits/types.h"234

__extension__typedef__u_quad_t__dev_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__uid_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__gid_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlongint__ino_t;

__extension__typedef__u_quad_t__ino64_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__mode_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__nlink_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__off_t;

__extension__typedef__quad_t__off64_t;

__extension__typedefint__pid_t;

__extension__typedefstruct{int__val[2];}__fsid_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__clock_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlongint__rlim_t;

__extension__typedef__u_quad_t__rlim64_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__id_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__time_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__useconds_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__suseconds_t;

__extension__typedefint__daddr_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__swblk_t;

__extension__typedefint__key_t;

__extension__typedefint__clockid_t;

__extension__typedefvoid*__timer_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__blksize_t;

__extension__typedeflongint__blkcnt_t;

__extension__typedef__quad_t__blkcnt64_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlongint__fsblkcnt_t;

__extension__typedef__u_quad_t__fsblkcnt64_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedlongint__fsfilcnt_t;

__extension__typedef__u_quad_t__fsfilcnt64_t;

__extension__typedefint__ssize_t;

typedef__off64_t__loff_t;

typedef__quad_t*__qaddr_t;

typedefchar*__caddr_t;

__extension__typedefint__intptr_t;

__extension__typedefunsignedint__socklen_t;

#37"/usr/include/stdio.h"234

#45"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

struct_IO_FILE;

typedefstruct_IO_FILEFILE;

#65"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

typedefstruct_IO_FILE__FILE;

#75"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

#1"/usr/include/libio.h"134

#32"/usr/include/libio.h"34

#1"/usr/include/_G_config.h"134

#15"/usr/include/_G_config.h"34

#1"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.6.2/include/stddef.h"134

#16"/usr/include/_G_config.h"234

#1"/usr/include/wchar.h"134

#83"/usr/include/wchar.h"34

typedefstruct

{

int__count;

union

{

unsignedint__wch;

char__wchb[4];

}__value;

}__mbstate_t;

#21"/usr/include/_G_config.h"234

typedefstruct

{

__off_t__pos;

__mbstate_t__state;

}_G_fpos_t;

typedefstruct

{

__off64_t__pos;

__mbstate_t__state;

}_G_fpos64_t;

#53"/usr/include/_G_config.h"34

typedefint_G_int16_t__attribute__（（__mode__（__HI__）））;

typedefint_G_int32_t__attribute__（（__mode__（__SI__）））;

typedefunsignedint_G_uint16_t__attribute__（（__mode__（__HI__）））;

typedefunsignedint_G_uint32_t__attribute__（（__mode__（__SI__）））;

#33"/usr/include/libio.h"234

#53"/usr/include/libio.h"34

#1"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.6.2/include/stdarg.h"134

#40"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-redhat-linux/4.6.2/include/stdarg.h"34

typedef__builtin_va_list__gnuc_va_list;

#54"/usr/include/libio.h"234

#172"/usr/include/libio.h"34

struct_IO_jump_t;struct_IO_FILE;

#182"/usr/include/libio.h"34

typedefvoid_IO_lock_t;

struct_IO_marker{

struct_IO_marker*_next;

struct_IO_FILE*_sbuf;

int_pos;

#205"/usr/include/libio.h"34

};

enum__codecvt_result

{

__codecvt_ok,

__codecvt_partial,

__codecvt_error,

__codecvt_noconv

};

#273"/usr/include/libio.h"34

struct_IO_FILE{

int_flags;

char*_IO_read_ptr;

char*_IO_read_end;

char*_IO_read_base;

char*_IO_write_base;

char*_IO_write_ptr;

char*_IO_write_end;

char*_IO_buf_base;

char*_IO_buf_end;

char*_IO_save_base;

char*_IO_backup_base;

char*_IO_save_end;

struct_IO_marker*_markers;

struct_IO_FILE*_chain;

int_fileno;

int_flags2;

__off_t_old_offset;

unsignedshort_cur_column;

signedchar_vtable_offset;

char_shortbuf[1];

_IO_lock_t*_lock;

#321"/usr/include/libio.h"34

__off64_t_offset;

#330"/usr/include/libio.h"34

void*__pad1;

void*__pad2;

void*__pad3;

void*__pad4;

size_t__pad5;

int_mode;

char_unused2[15*sizeof（int）-4*sizeof（void*）-sizeof（size_t）];

};

typedefstruct_IO_FILE_IO_FILE;

struct_IO_FILE_plus;

externstruct_IO_FILE_plus_IO_2_1_stdin_;

externstruct_IO_FILE_plus_IO_2_1_stdout_;

externstruct_IO_FILE_plus_IO_2_1_stderr_;

#366"/usr/include/libio.h"34

typedef__ssize_t__io_read_fn（void*__cookie,char*__buf,size_t__nbytes）;

typedef__ssize_t__io_write_fn（void*__cookie,__constchar*__buf,

size_t__n）;

typedefint__io_seek_fn（void*__cookie,__off64_t*__pos,int__w）;

typedefint__io_close_fn（void*__cookie）;

#418"/usr/include/libio.h"34

externint__underflow（_IO_FILE*）;

externint__uflow（_IO_FILE*）;

externint__overflow（_IO_FILE*,int）;

#462"/usr/include/libio.h"34

externint_IO_getc（_IO_FILE*__fp）;

externint_IO_putc（int__c,_IO_FILE*__fp）;

externint_IO_feof（_IO_FILE*__fp）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externint_IO_ferror（_IO_FILE*__fp）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externint_IO_peekc_locked（_IO_FILE*__fp）;

externvoid_IO_flockfile（_IO_FILE*）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externvoid_IO_funlockfile（_IO_FILE*）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externint_IO_ftrylockfile（_IO_FILE*）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

#492"/usr/include/libio.h"34

externint_IO_vfscanf（_IO_FILE*__restrict,constchar*__restrict,

__gnuc_va_list,int*__restrict）;

externint_IO_vfprintf（_IO_FILE*__restrict,constchar*__restrict,

__gnuc_va_list）;

extern__ssize_t_IO_padn（_IO_FILE*,int,__ssize_t）;

externsize_t_IO_sgetn（_IO_FILE*,void*,size_t）;

extern__off64_t_IO_seekoff（_IO_FILE*,__off64_t,int,int）;

extern__off64_t_IO_seekpos（_IO_FILE*,__off64_t,int）;

externvoid_IO_free_backup_area（_IO_FILE*）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

#76"/usr/include/stdio.h"234

typedef__gnuc_va_listva_list;

#91"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

typedef__off_toff_t;

#103"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

typedef__ssize_tssize_t;

typedef_G_fpos_tfpos_t;

#165"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

#1"/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h"134

#166"/usr/include/stdio.h"234

externstruct_IO_FILE*stdin;

externstruct_IO_FILE*stdout;

externstruct_IO_FILE*stderr;

externintremove（__constchar*__filename）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externintrename（__constchar*__old,__constchar*__new）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externintrenameat（int__oldfd,__constchar*__old,int__newfd,

__constchar*__new）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externFILE*tmpfile（void）;

#212"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externchar*tmpnam（char*__s）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externchar*tmpnam_r（char*__s）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

#230"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externchar*tempnam（__constchar*__dir,__constchar*__pfx）

__attribute__（（__nothrow__））__attribute__（（__malloc__））;

externintfclose（FILE*__stream）;

externintfflush（FILE*__stream）;

#255"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externintfflush_unlocked（FILE*__stream）;

#269"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externFILE*fopen（__constchar*__restrict__filename,

__constchar*__restrict__modes）;

externFILE*freopen（__constchar*__restrict__filename,

__constchar*__restrict__modes,

FILE*__restrict__stream）;

#298"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

#309"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externFILE*fdopen（int__fd,__constchar*__modes）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

#322"/usr/include/stdio.h"34

externFILE*fmemopen（void*__s,size_t__len,__constchar*__modes）

__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externFILE*open_memstream（char**__bufloc,size_t*__sizeloc）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externvoidsetbuf（FILE*__restrict__stream,char*__restrict__buf）__attribute__（（__nothrow__））;

externintsetvbuf（FILE*__restrict