高中英语 ModuleGreat people and Great Invention of Ancient China Period One Introduction.docx
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高中英语 ModuleGreat people and Great Invention of Ancient China Period One Introduction.docx
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高中英语ModuleGreatpeopleandGreatInventionofAncientChinaPeriodOneIntroduction
Module5GreatpeopleandGreatInventionofAncientChina
Alongwithsilkandpaper,gunpowderisanotherinventionbyChineseandtheSilkRoadhelpeditspreadtotheWest.Thedatingofgunpowderisasearlyas850AD.TheChineseusedgunpowdertomakefireworksandforsignalflares.Gunpowderwasalsothoughttohavebeenusedinmedicineandinalchemy.
ThisinventionseemstohavebeendiscoveredinChinabyaccident—byalchemistswhendoingexperiments.
Thegunpowderusedformilitarypurposewasfirstrecordedin919AD.Bythe11thcentury,explosivebombsfilledwithgunpowderwereintroducedandusedinChina.Thewords“firecannon”“rocket”and“fireball”appearedtimeandagainintheofficialSonghistoryaswellastwootherbookswrittenduringthesameperiod.
Thefirstdetaileddescriptionofusingthe“firecannon”inwarfarewasinconnectionwithabattlefoughtin1126whentheSongarmyuseditagainsttheinvadingenemy.Thesocalled“firecannon”wasatubemadeofbamboofilledwithgunpowderwhich,whenfired,threwaflamingmissiletowardstheenemy.Accordingtoadescriptionofabattlescenein1132,ittooktwopersonstocarrya“firecannon”,andthecannonswerefiredfromamovingplatform.Andthisplatformhadtobemovedclosetothewallofthebesiegedcity.
TheChineseinventionofgunpowderreachedJapan,theIslamiccountriesandthenEuropeinthe13thcenturyandtheArabsimprovedgunpowderformilitaryuse.TheearlyaccountofgunpowderinEuropewasrecordedbyEnglishphilosopherRogerBaconinthe13thcentury.OnecenturylatertheArabsusedittoattacktheSpanishtownBazaandthenextyearin1326Florenceorderedthemanufacturingofcannonandcannonballs.FromItalythemakingofgunpowdersoonspreadtootherEuropeancountries,andbythe1350sithadbecomeaneffectiveweapononthebattlefield.
1.alchemyn.炼金术
2.alchemistn.炼金术士
3.explosiveadj.爆炸性的,会爆炸的
4.cannonn.大炮
5.missiblen.投射物
6.besiegedadj.被包围的,被围攻的
Answerthefollowingquestions
1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?
Gunpowder
2.ListthecountriestheChineseinventionofgunpowderreached.
(1)Japan
(2)Islamiccountries
(3)Europeancountries
PeriodOne Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary
Ⅰ.单词检测
1.equaladj.平等的
2.importancen.重要;重要性
importantadj.重要的
3.philosophern.哲学家
philosophyn.哲学
4.teachingn.(常作复数)教导;学说
teachvt.讲授;教授
teachern.教师
5.thinkern.思想家
thinkvt.想;思索;认为
thoughtn.思考;想法
6.kindnessn.善良
kindadj.仁慈的;善良的
7.ordern.秩序
8.principlen.原则;准则
9.positionn.职位
10.stressvt.强调
11.resignvi.辞职
12.advisern.顾问
advisevt.劝告;建议
advicen.忠告;建议
13.influentialadj.有影响的
influencen.&v.影响
14.loven.仁爱
Ⅱ.短语检测
1.besimilarto与……相似
2.atwarwith与……交战
3.bringup养育,抚养;提出
4.followone’sadvice采纳某人的建议
5.be/becomefamousfor因……而出名
6.insomeways在某些方面
7.bedifferentfrom与……不同
8.be/becomeinterestedin对……感兴趣
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.WhatisthemainideaofConfuciusaccordingtothepassage?
A.Kindness,dutyandorderinsocietyareveryimportant.
B.Governmentismoreimportantthanitspeople.
C.Allmenarecreatedequal.
D.Allmenareborngood.
答案 A
2.WhatwasthepossiblerelationshipbetweenConfuciusandMencius?
A.Teacherandstudent.
B.MenciuswasthefollowerofConfucius’sideas.
C.Theyallworkedforthesamestate.
D.Nothingrelatedatall.
答案 B
3.InwhichwaywasMozi’sideathesameasthatofConfucius?
A.Menshouldbekind.
B.Menwerebornequal.
C.Governmentshouldbemoreemphasizedthanitspeople.
D.Peopleweremoreimportantthanthegovernment.
答案 C
4.InMencius’sopinion,whichwasthemostimportant,thegovernment,therulerorthepeople?
A.Thegovernment.B.Theruler.
C.Thepeople.D.Notmentioned.
答案 C
5.WhatisthesimilarityofthethreephilosophersinancientChinaaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theywereallbornpoor.
B.Theyallwrotetheirownbooks.
C.Theyalltravelledfromstatetostate.
D.TheirphilosophiesallinfluencedChinaforalongtime.
答案 D
Ⅱ.课文阅读填空
Confucius
•551BC-479BC
greatestinfluence(morethan2,000years)
•Stressedtheimportanceof1.kindness,2.dutyand3.orderinsociety.
Mencius
•Bornin372BCandbroughtupby4.hismother.
•Atanimportant5.positioninthe6.governmentfirstandlater7.resigned.
•Manwas8.kind.
9.Peopleweremoreimportantthan10.rulers.
Mozi
•476BC-390BC
•Governmentwasmostimportant.
Allmenwere11.equal.
Lovedall12.humanbeingsandlookedaftertheweak.
Hatedtheideaofwar.
Ⅲ.难句分析
1.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.
句式分析:
本句中where...eachother是定语从句,修饰先行词place,where在从句中作地点状语。
自主翻译:
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
2.However,whenhesawthattherulerwasnotfollowinghisadvice,heresigned.
句式分析:
本句中when引导一个时间状语从句,该从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句,作saw的宾语。
自主翻译:
然而,当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时,他便辞去了官职。
1.equal
[语境感悟]
(1
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