初三英语总复习 阅读 之 专项训练.docx
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初三英语总复习 阅读 之 专项训练.docx
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初三英语总复习阅读之专项训练
I.解答阅读理解题的5个步骤:
步骤1.为了答题而阅读——先看题干,带着问题读文章,即采用倒读法
理由:
a.考试时不是为了阅读而阅读,是为了答题而阅读。
b.带着问题阅读,目的明确,思想集中,易于及时抓住与问题关系密切的信息.
c.倒读法尤其适合细节性题目
Example:
1.ThosewhotakepartintherealityTVshowsareusually.
A.commonpeopleB.popTVstars
C.attractivepeopleD.famousfilmstars
2.WhowouldpayforthecostofrealityTVshowsaccordingtothepassage?
A.TVproducerswhomakerealityTVshows.
B.TVactorswhotakepartinrealityTVshows.
C.TVviewerswhotelephonerealityTVshows.
D.TVcompanieswhichbroadcastrealityTVshows.
3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.
A.everyoneishappyaboutrealityTV
B.realityTVwilldowellinmanycountries
C.allthepeopleinEuropeareinfavorofrealityTV
D.realityTVwillnotbebroadcastinanycountries
ThefirstrealityTVshowintheworldwascalledExpeditionRobinsonanditwasshowninSwedenin1997.HalfthepopulationofthecountrywatchedthefinaleventandanewkindofTVprogramwasborn.TwoyearslaterinHolland,thefirstseriesofBigBrotherwasfilmed.Again,itwasagreatsuccessandthefinalprogramwaswatchedby15millionpeople.Nowmorethan20countriesaroundtheworldhaveBigBrotherorExpeditionRobinsonontheirTVscreens.TheordinarypeoplewhotakepartintheprogramsareknownbymillionsofpeopleintheirowncountriesandrealityTVhasbecomebig,bigbusiness.
FortheTVproducers,realityTVisadreamcometruebecausemanyoftheprogramscostnothingtomake.Atsomepoint,thetelevisionviewers(观众)areaskedtotelephonetheprogramtovoteortoapplytotakepartintheshow.Itisthecostofthesetelephonecallsthatpaysfortheshows.OneofthemostpopularshowsisPopIdol.Intheshow,agroupofattractiveyoungpeoplearemadeintopopstars.TVviewersvotefortheirfavoritepersonontheshow.Thewinnermakesarecordandmillionsofcopiesoftherecordaresold.Hisorherpicturesarepublishedonthecoversofmagazinesoronthefrontpagesofnewspapers,andthen,theyarequicklyforgotten.
ButnoteveryoneishappyaboutrealityTV.InPortugaltwoTVchannelsgotintotroublebecausetheyshowedtoomuchofthepersonallivesofthepeopleintheshows.InFrance,realityTViscalled“rubbishTV”andtheTVstudiosofBigBrotherwereattackedthreetimesinoneweek.InGreece,BigBrotherwasdescribedas“againsthumanrightsandcivilization”.
步骤2.速读全文,了解文章大意和主题
第一遍通读文章时,要放快速度,不必太介意少数生词,或者是与试题无关的信息。
只要初步判断体裁,把握主题和大意、作者的写作意图以及主要事实就可以了。
方法:
a.抓主题句。
通常出现在段首、段尾、段中
b.利用题干和选项
Example:
根据短文内容回答问题:
Thesubjectoftheparagraphis.
A.whereWaterloois
B.whonamedWaterloo
C.whyNapoleonandtheFrenchArmyweredefeatedatWaterloo
D.howtheword“Waterloo”cametomean“defeat”
ThewordWaterloohasbecomeasynonymfordefeat—totaldefeatandcompletediaster.Waterloo,atowninBelgium,wasthesceneofthebattlein1851thatbroughtoverwhelmingdefeattoNapoleonBonapartes’FrenchArmy.AtstakewerethewholecontinentofEuropeandNapoleon’sdreamofanempire.InafewdaysoverfortythousandFrenchsoldiersdied.Withtheirdeathanewwordfordisasterwasborn–Waterloo.
步骤3.理清思路,为解答问题准确定位
a.首先要理顺文章的脉络与自己的思路,也就是把握文章的各种关系。
b.答案和原文的匹配必须十分吻合,要做到这一点,解题时的定位要十分准确。
Example:
阅读下面的问题,根据题干的关键词到阅读文章中去定位:
Which of the following would you most probably read if you want to get information from
the world’s most popular newspapers?
A.Beauty& The WeekB.Beauty& New ViewC. The World Weekly& The Week D. The World Weekly& New View
Beauty
Forloversofthearts,Beautyisatrulynecessarymagazine.Coveringtheagesandthegreat
civilizationsoftheworld,Beautybringsyouwell-illustratedyetacademicarticlesbyinternationallyfamousscholars,aswellasinformationonexhibitionsandsales.Experiencefivemonthlyissuesforaslittleas$5each.
The World Weekly
TheWorldWeeklygivesyouaglobalviewwitharticlesfromfouroftheworld’smostrespectednewspapers.Readthenewsfromdifferentviewsanddrawyourownconclusionsonthestoriesinfluencingourworld.Tryitfor6monthsforjust$30.PlusgetafreecopyoftheWorldWeekly2005.
New View
Fullofexcellentwritingandphotography,theNIcoversonekeysubjecteachmonth,fromTerrorismtoPovertytoClimatechange.Reportsfromaroundtheglobeprovideyouwithacomprehensiveworldview.PLUS:
massesoffreshreportsandstoriestokeepyouup-to-dateonworldaffairs.1monthfreeandfreeWorldMap.
The Week
TheWeekistheonlyweeklysummarygivingyouthebestoftheBritishandforeignnewspapersinjust35pages.Designedtobereadinjust1hour,itprovidesyouwitheverythingyouneedandwanttoknow.TrytheWeeknowwith13issuesforjust$25.Ifyoudecideit’snotforyou,justtelluswithinthefirst3weeksandyoucangetyourmoneyback.
步骤4.逻辑推理,做好深层理解题
深层理解题主要包括归纳中心思想(mainidea)、给文章加标题(titleorheadline)或者推断作者或文章的意图等。
方法如下:
a.论证法b.综合推断法c.错误排除法d.对比法
Example:
阅读下面的段落,推理判断出作者想要表达的意思:
1.Whenthewritersays"JackSpivakisjustanordinaryman",hemeans_____.
A.itiscommonthatpeopletellwhitelies
B.Jackcoulddonothingaboutbadtraffic
C.itiscommonthatpeopledelaytheirpayment
D.Jackfoundithardtodealwitheverydayproblems
2.Vauvenarges'remarksuggeststhat_____.
A.lyingisanage-oldhumanproblem
B.dishonestyincreasesaspeoplegetolder
C.peopleweredishonestinthe18thcentury
Ditissocialconditionsthatmakepeopletelllies
At9:
00JackSpivak'sbanktelephonedandsaidhispaymentwaslate."Thecheckisinthepost,"Jackrepliedquickly.At11:
45Jackleftfora12:
00meetingacrosstown.Arrivinglate,heexplainedthattraffic(交通)hadbeenhad.Thatevening,Jack'sgirlfriendworeanewdress.Hehatedit."Itlooksjustgreatonyou,"hesaid.
Threeliesinoneday!
YetJackSpivakisjustanordinaryman.Eachtime,hetoldhimselfthatsometimesthetruthcausestoomanyproblems.Mostofustellmuchthesamewhitelies,harmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.Howoftendowetellwhitelies?
Itdependsinpartonourage,educationandevenwherewelive.AccordingtooneU.S.study,womenaremoretruthfulthanmen,andhonestyincreasesaswegetolder.
Whilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasier,themajorityofAmericanscareabouthonestyinbothpublicandpersonallife.Theysaythatpeopletodayarelesshonestthantheyweretenyearsago.Althoughitisbelievedthatthingsaregettingworse,lyingseemstobeanage-oldhumanproblem.TheFrenchphilosopher(哲学家)Vauvenarges,writingintheeighteenthcentury,touchedonthetruthwhenhewrote,"Allmenareborntruthfulanddieliars(说谎者)."
步骤5.复查核对,确保答案万无一失
a.复读文章核对答案时,速度要稍微快一些。
b.某一个选项选得太多时,应对那些犹豫不决选出的答案重新考虑
II.阅读理解题的7个考点及应对策略
1.主旨大意题
主要测试是否理解整篇文章的主题和大意,是否具有把握中心思想的能力,以及是否能分辨出文章的主题和细节。
包括文章标题、主题、中心思想或段落大意,以及作者的写作目的等,题干中的关键词通常是mainidea,thebesttitle,purpose等,例如:
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
Thisarticlemainlytellsabout.
Thesubjectdiscussedinthepassageis.
Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.
Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith.
方法:
●迅速剔除文中的细节、具体事实或作者所使用的论据,善于抓住主要信息。
●结合每段大意。
●注意头、尾。
●向自己提问,排除干扰。
注意:
判断主旨大意,一定要从积极或中立的角度去考虑。
a.判断中心话题
b.判断中心思想
策略运用1:
判断中心话题:
1.Whatisthetopicofthistext?
A.YoungthievesB.Anunusualillness---Kleptomania
C.ReasonsforstealingD.Anormalchild’saction
Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandasthetgrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.
2.Themainideaoftheparagraphis______.
A.whatcakesmellslike
B.whybakeriesmakemoney
C.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters
D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssell
Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycake,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods!
3.Thetextcanbeentitled。
A.TheTallestPlantsB.TheStatueofLiberty
C.PlantsinOceansD.RedwoodsinCalifornia
Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?
ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.
4.Thisparagraphmainlytellsus.
A.thatweareshortofgrainbecauseofrats
B.whyratsarestillanenemyofpeople
C.howratsdestroyourfood
D.whyratscausediscase
Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeop1eastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.
5.Theshorttextmainlydealswith.
A.whyweneedrainC.howgrasshelpsus
B.howgrassiskeptgreenD.whywebreathedust
Wouldn’titbeterribleifwedidn’th
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