经典英语学习宝典2.docx
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经典英语学习宝典2.docx
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经典英语学习宝典2
LESSON10
四种完成时态
LivingLifeOver--如果有来生
如果有来生,我会少说,多听
我会请朋友来家吃饭,即便地毯脏了,沙发褪色了。
我会抽时间听祖父絮叨他的青年时代
我不会因为刚刚把头发梳理定型而要求在夏天关上车窗。
我会点燃那支雕成玫瑰状的蜡烛,而不让它在尘封中熔化。
我会与孩子们坐在草地上,不去担心草地上的污渍。
我会把泪水和笑声更多地留给观察人生,而不是观看电视。
如果生病了,我会卧床休息,而不是自认没有我,地球就不转了。
我不会买那些仅仅是实用,或者不显脏,或者保证能用一生的东西。
我会更多地说“我爱你”……“对不起”
……然而,最重要的是,如果有来生,
我会抓住每一秒……看人生,读人生……体验人生……再也不放手
LivingLifeOver
IfIhadmylifetoliveover...Iwouldhavetalkedlessandlistenedmore.
Iwouldhaveinvitedfriendsovertodinnerevenifthecarpetwasstainedandthesofafaded.
Iwouldhavetakenthetimetolistentomygrandfatherrambleabouthisyouth.
Iwouldneverhaveinsistedthecarwindowsberolleduponasummerdaybecausemyhairhadjustbeenteasedandsprayed.
Iwouldhaveburnedthepinkcandlesculptedlikearosebeforeitmeltedinstorage.
Iwouldhavesatonthelawnwithmychildrenandnotworriedaboutgrassstains.
Iwouldhavecriedandlaughedlesswhilewatchingtelevision-andmorewhilewatchinglife.
IwouldhavegonetobedwhenIwassickinsteadofpretendingtheearthwouldgointoaholdingpatterifIwerenottherefortheday.
Iwouldneverhaveboughtanythingjustbecauseitwaspractical,wouldnotshowsoilorwasguaranteedtolastalifetime.
Therewouldhavebeenmore"Iloveyou"...more"I'msorry"...butmostly,givenanothershotsatlife,
Iwouldseizeeveryminute...lookatitandreallyseeit...liveit...andnevergiveitback.
1牢记第3个句型的旗帜-----do的变化(变为否定与疑问及进行时态变化)
YouarestudyingEnglish.
YouarenotstudyingEnglish.
AreyoustudyingEnglish?
YouwerestudyingEnglish.
YouwerenotstudyingEnglish.
WereyoustudyingEnglish?
YouwillbestudyingEnglish.
YouwillnotbestudyingEnglish.
WillyoubestudyingEnglish?
2孙老师特别提示:
代词的几种基本形式
主格Iweyoutheyhesheit
宾格meusyouthemhimherit
形容词性所有格myouryourtheirhisherits
名词性所有格mineoursyourstheirshishersits
Iloveher
Ilovehersister.
Thisismybook.
Thisismine.
导言
完成态是英文中独有的一种“态”,汉语中没有
相对应的表达方式。
在学习时要根据说话的情景或文
章的上下文细心体会。
脱离说话时的情景或文章的上
下文,完成态就无从谈起,所以千万不可简单地把完
成时态理解成一个完成的动作。
▲完成时态的构成
现在过去过去分词
Iswasbeen
Dodiddone
Workworkedworked
Havehadhad
句型
时态
主系表
主谓宾
现在完成
have(has)been
have(has)done
过去完成
hadbeen
haddone
将来完成
willhavebeen
willhavedone
过去将来完成
wouldhavebeen
wouldhavedone
▲现在完成时态的基本用法
表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。
它所强调的不是过去发生的动作,而是对现在产生的结果和影响。
否则用一般过去时态就够了。
请看下面的对话。
●A-WewillsendsomeonetoAmerica.
我们要派一个人去美国。
B-Ihavebeenthere.
我去过美国。
=IwasthereandIknowthecountryverywell.Wouldyousendmethere?
我去过那儿,很了解那个国家。
能派我去吗?
C-Ihavenotbeenthere.
我还没去过那儿呢。
=Ididn’tgotoAmerica.Itismyturn.
我没去过。
这次该我了。
上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。
所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验,派他去好。
而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过,轮也该轮到他了。
两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。
Didyouhavedinner?
Haveyouhaddinner?
DidyoustudyEnglish?
HaveyoustudiedEnglish?
Laochangdied?
Laochanghasdied?
Whowashere?
Whohasbeenhere?
2.
3.表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。
通常用于持续性较强的动词,例如:
live,study,waitfor,be等等,并且常常与since,for连用,since给出的是过去的一个时间点,如since1958,而for往往给出的是一个时间段,如forthreeyears。
●HehasstudiedEnglishforeightyears.
HestudiedEnglishforeightyears.
●Since1980,theyhaveknowneachother.
●Wehavewaitedforyouforlongtime.
●Haveyoulivedhereforovertenyears?
▲过去完成时态,将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态
学习完成时态应注意,所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的,现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。
所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态,然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态,向将来推便是将来完成时态。
Saysaidsaid
seesawseen
Yesterday,shesaidshehadseenthefilm.
IhavestudiedEnglishfor10bynow.
bynowby2000by2008
IwillhavestudiedEnglishfor10yearsby2010.
--1990----------------2000-------------------now----------------2010----
In2000,shesaidIhadstudiedEnglishfor10years
●In2000,shesaidIwouldhavestudiedEnglishfor10years
●该句是指在“theendofthismonth”我们将完成工作。
对本月底产生的影响也许是我们就有空了或我们就可以休息一下了。
总之具体情况具体分析。
●WewillhavestudiedEnglishfor10yearsbytheendofthisyear.
●HesaidthatbytheendofthespringtermhewouldhavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.
该句表示study的动作是从said开始一直延续到将来,即theendofthespringterm.
句型
时态
主系表
主谓宾
现在完成
have(has)been
have(has)done
过去完成
hadbeen
haddone
将来完成
willhavebeen
willhavedone
过去将来完成
wouldhavebeen
wouldhavedone
Heisrich.Hewasrich.Hewillberich.Hewouldberich.
Hehasbeenrichsince2000..
Hehadbeenrichby2000.
Hewillhavebeenrichby2010.
Hesaidhewouldhavebeenrichby2008.
----------------------------------------------------------------
本课要求:
牢记第3个句型的旗帜-----betherebedo的变化(变为否定与疑问及时态变化)
Youarerich.8
Thereisabookonthedesk.4
ThestudentsstudyEnglish.6
ThestudentsarestudyingEnglish.4
ThestudentshavestudiedEnglish.4
Youarerich.
Youwererich.
Youwillberich.
Youwouldberich.
Youhavebeenrich.
Hesaidyouhadbeenrich.
Youwillhavebeenrichby2010.
Hesaidyouwouldhavebeenrichby2010.
Thereisabookonthedesk.
Therewasabookonthedesk.
Therewillbeabookonthedesk.
Therewouldbeabookonthedesk.
ThestudentsstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsstudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswillstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsaregoingtostudyEnglish.
ThestudentswouldstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsweregoingtostudyEnglish.
ThestudentsarestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswerestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswillbestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswouldbestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentshavestudiedEnglish.
ThestudentshadstudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswillhavestudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswouldhavestudiedEnglish.
LESSON10
被动语态
Youarerich.8
Thereisabookonthedesk.4
ThestudentsstudyEnglish.6
ThestudentsarestudyingEnglish.4
ThestudentshavestudiedEnglish.4
Youarerich.
Youwererich.
Youwillberich.
Youwouldberich.
Youhavebeenrich.
Hesaidyouhadbeenrich.
Youwillhavebeenrichby2010.
Hesaidyouwouldhavebeenrichby2010.
Thereisabookonthedesk.
Therewasabookonthedesk.
Therewillbeabookonthedesk.
Therewouldbeabookonthedesk.
ThestudentsstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsstudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswillstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsaregoingtostudyEnglish.
ThestudentswouldstudyEnglish.
ThestudentsweregoingtostudyEnglish.
ThestudentsarestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswerestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswillbestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentswoudbestudyingEnglish.
ThestudentshavestudiedEnglish.
ThestudentshadstudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswillhavestudiedEnglish.
ThestudentswouldhavestudiedEnglish.
Lesson11
被动语态
被动语态是动词的一种形式,只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态,它所强调的,不是动作的发出者,而是动作的接受者,在掌握了时态以后,学习被动语态并不难,重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式,我们在后面为大家列的表格,请大家熟记。
●Thepolicemanarrestedthethief.
Thethiefwasarrested(bythe
policeman).
Bedone
注:
如果没有必要强调动作的发出者,我们可以把bythepoliceman省略。
Dodiddone
BEdone-----isdonewasdonewillbedonewouldbedone
Bitebitbit
Thedogbitesme.
Iambitbythedog.
Thedogbitme.
Iwasbitbythedog
Thedogwillbiteme.
Iwillbebitbythedog.
Thedogwouldbiteme.
Iwouldbebitbythedog.
Theteachercantranslatethissentenceindifferentways.
Thissentencecanbetranslatedindifferentways.
Canmaymust
▲被动语态表
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am
isdone
are
being
done
am
is
are
beendone
have
has
过去
done
was
were
being
done
was
were
hadbeendone
将来
bedone
will
havebeen
willdone
过去将来
bedone
would
havebeen
woulddone
Thedogbitesme.
Iambitbythedog.
Thedogbitme.
Iwasbitbythedo
Thedogwillbiteme.
Iwillbebitbythedog.
Iwouldbebitbythedog.
Thedogwouldbiteme.
Thedogisbitingme.
Iambeingbitbythedog.
Thedogwasbitingme.
Iwasbeingbitbythedog.
Thedoghasbitme.
Ihavebeenbitbythedog.
Thedoghadbitme.
Ihadbeenbitbythedog.
本课要求:
能够看懂背动语态。
课堂练习
Bite-----bitbit
Thedogbitesme.
--------------------------------------------------
Thedogbitesme.
Thedogbitme.
Thedogwillbiteme.
Thedogwouldbiteme.
Thedogisbitingme.
Thedogwasbitingme.
Thedoghasbitme.
Thedoghadbitme.
▲被动语态表
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am
isdone
are
being
done
am
is
are
beendone
have
has
过去
done
was
bedone
were
being
done
was
were
hadbeendone
将来
shall
bedone
will
shallhavebeen
willdone
过去将来
should
wouldbedone
shouldhavebeen
woulddone
Iambitbythedog.
Iwasbitbythedog
Iwillbebitbythedog.
Iwouldbebitbythedog.
Iambeingbitbythedog.
Iwasbeingbitbythedog.
Ihavebeenbitbythedog.
三、Ihadbeenbitbythedog.
四、将下列句子变成被动语态。
1.Sheisdrawing画(drewdrawn)apictureofthehouse.
2.Theywillinvite邀请Tomtotheparty.
Thepictureofthehouseisbeingdrawn(byher).
Tomwillbeinvitedtotheparty(bythem).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Workersshoulddotheworkwithgreatcare小心,小心翼翼.
4.Theywillpostpone推迟themeetingtillnextWednesday.
5.Mymotherdoesn’tallow允许metoeatout.
6.Hehasrepaired修理mycar.
7.Theyaregoingtogiveadinner正餐party.
8.Theteacherwasexplaining解释thetextwhenIcamein.
9.Theteacherhascorrected改正theseexercise练习books.
Thepolicemen警察havecaught抓住(catch)thethief.
三
1.Thepictureofthehouseisbeingdrawn(byher).
2.Tomwillbeinvitedtotheparty(bythem).
3.Theworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare(byworkers)
4.ThemeetingwillbepostponedtillnextWednesday(bythem).
5.Iamnotallowedtoeatout(bymymother).
6.Mycarhasbee
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