English-novelists-of-realistic-tradition.ppt
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English-novelists-of-realistic-tradition.ppt
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EnglishNovelistsofRealisticTradition,TheRiseoftheEnglishNovel,“Thenovelisthemostimportantgiftofbourgeois,orcapitalist,civilizationtotheworldsimaginativeculture.”(RalphFox:
TheNovelandThePeople)ThemodernEuropeannovelbeganaftertheRenaissance,withCervantessDonQuixote.ThemodernEnglishnovelbegantwocenturieslater,inthe18thcentury.,Theriseandgrowthoftherealisticnovelisthemostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature,whichhasgiventheworldsuchnovelistsasDefoe,Swift,Richardson,Fielding,SmollettandSterne.,Thesewriterslivedinaperiodofrapidgrowthofcapitalism.Itwas“abrutalworld,theworldofconqueringcapitalism,theperiodwhentheEnglishsquirewascrushingtheEnglishpeasantoutofexistence,whentheEnglishadventurerwasstealingthewealthoftheIndiesbymeansashorribleastheywereimmoral,andwhenthataccumulationofstolenwealthwasbeingmadeinthecountrywhichwastomakepossibletheindustrialrevolution.”(Ibid.),Defoe,DanielDefoe(1660-1731)wasborninLondon,thesonofabutcher.Hisparentssethimapartfortheministry,buthegaveuptheideaofbecomingapreacher.,Afterschooling,hebecameahosier,andbetween1678-1683travelledinSpain,Italy,France,andGermanyasamerchant.Intheyearof1685DefoetookpartintheDukeofMonmouthsrebellionagainstJamesandnarrowlyescapedpunishment.,DefoewasakindofJack-of-all-trades.Hewasamerchant,solider,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,publicistandnovelist.Hisversatilityfillsuswithwonder.Hewasgreatinatleasttwooccupations:
journalismandauthorship.HisplaceinEnglishliteraturewasmadeforhimbyhisnovels,PlotSummary,Omitted,RobinsonCrusoe,ThewritersoftheEnlightenmentattachedgreatimportancetothemouldingofcharacterandtoeducationthroughtheinfluenceofvariedenvironment.,ThecharacterosRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.Heismostpracticalandexact,alwaysreligiousandatthesametimemindfulofhisownprofit.,DefoesOtherNovels,CaptainSingletonColonelJacqueMollFlanders,JonathanSwift,Works,ATaleofTubTheBattleoftheBooksTheDrapiersLettersTheModestProposalGuilliversTravels,Gulliverstravels,LilliputBrobdingnagLaputahouyhnms,iput,SwiftsStyle,SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Hesaid,“properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”Heseemstohavenodifficultyinfindingwordstoexpressexactlytheimpressionwhichhewishestoconvey.,Insimple,directandpreciseprose,SwiftisalmostunsurpassedinEnglishliterature.ItisagreateducationtoreadSwiftsprose.Swiftisamastersatirist,andhisironyisdeadly.,HenryFielding,HenryFieldingwasbornin1707,inthefamilyofapoor,retiredgeneral.HewaseducatedatEtonandLeydenuniversity.Buthisfamilywassopoorthathewascompelledtoleavetheuniversityafterayearandahalfofstudies.,Sohebegantosupporthimselffromhisveryyouthbywritingforthestage,andsoonbecameoneofthemostpopularplaywrightsinLondon.(FieldingasaPlaywright)In1734,hemarriedCharlotteCradock,whomhelovedtenderlyandusedasamodelincreatinghisidealwomencharactersinhisworks.,From1742onward,Fieldingwrotefournovels,forwhichhehasbeenremembered.HisfirstnovelJosephAndrewswaspublishedin1742.HisJonathanWildappearedin1743.itwasapoliticalsatire.,In1749,hefinishedhisgreatnovelTomJones.Ittookhim“somethousandsofhours”intheintervalsofotheroccupationsduringsicknessandtrouble.InthisnovelFieldinghadpackedallhisyouthandprimeoflife.Bythistime,hisexperiencehadbroughthimintocontactwithnearlyallkindsofmenandwomeninallcircumstances.HeshowsinTomJonesthewholeofthelifeof18thcenturyEnglandashesawit.,Amelia(1751)washislastnovel.,TomJones,TheStory:
Characterization:
TomJones,theFoundling,isahansomeyoungman.Heisfrankandopen,kind,disinterested,andthoughquick-tempered,devoidofmalice.Hisoutstandingqualityis“goodnature”and“goodnessofheart”.Good-heartedasheis,Tomisveryfarfrombeingamodelcharacter.,Blifil:
incharpcontrastwiththecharacterofTomisthatofBlifil,thevillainofthestory.Blifilis“sober,discreetandpiousbeyondhisage,”extremely“carefulofhismoney,”andskilledinbringinghimselfintofavourwithhispatronbyarespectfulappearanceandreadyflattery;butinhisheartheis“stronglyattachedtotheinterestonlyofonesingleperson,”i.e.himself.,Sophia:
SophiaWestern,theheroineofthebook,isthe“someretshireangel.”sheisherfathers“littledarling,”andshereturnsallhisaffectionwithangelictenderness.Toher,“herfatherswordwasalaw”inalmosteverything.Ononepoint,however,shestandsoutagainsthiminflexiblynothingcaninduceherto
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- English novelists of realistic tradition
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