高中英语人教版 选修10Unit 1 阶段质量检测 B卷 能力素养提升.docx

高中英语人教版 选修10Unit 1 阶段质量检测 B卷 能力素养提升.docx

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高中英语人教版选修10Unit1阶段质量检测B卷能力素养提升

B卷　能力素养提升

【说明】　本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟

Ⅰ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

SinceHenryFordturneditintoamassmarketproductacenturyago,thecarhasdeliveredmanybenefits.Ithaspromotedeconomicgrowth,increasedsocialmobilityandgivenpeoplealotoffun.Butthecarhasalsobroughtmanyproblems.Itpollutestheair,createstrafficjamsandkillspeople.Anastonishing1.24millionpeopledie,andasmanyas50millionarehurt,inroadaccidentseachyear.

Driversandpassengerswastearound90billionhoursintrafficjamseachyear.Insomecarchokedcitiesasmuchasathirdofthepetrolusedisburnedbypeoplelookingforaspacetopark.

Fortunately,anewtechnologypromisestomakemotoringsafer,lesspollutingandlesstendencytoholdups.“Connectedcars”—whichmayeventuallydevelopintodriverlesscarsbutfortheforeseeablefuturewillstillhaveahumanatthewheel—cancommunicatewirelesslywitheachotherandwithtrafficmanagementsystems,avoidwalkersandothervehiclesandfindopenparkingspots.

Somepartsofthetransformationarealreadyinplace.Manynewcarsarealreadybeingfittedwithequipmentthatletsthemkeeptheirdistanceandstayinamotorwayautomaticallyatarangeofspeeds.Soon,allnewcarsinEuropewillhavetobeabletowarntheemergencyservicesiftheironboardsensors（传感器）discoveracrash.Singaporehasledthewaywithusingvariabletolls（道路通行费）tosmoothtrafficflowsduringrushhours;Britainispioneering“smartmotorways”，whosespeedlimitsvaryconstantlytoachievea_similar_effect.Thesenewinventionscouldcreateamuchmorehighlyeffectivesysteminwhichcarsandtheirdriversareconstantlywarnedofdangersandshowedtheways.Trafficalwaysflowsattheproperspeedandvehiclescantravelclosertogether,yetwithlessriskofcrashing.

Inthepast,morepeopledrivingmeantmoreroads,morejams,moredeathandmorepollution.Infuture,theconnectedcarcouldoffermankindthepleasuresoftheroadwithratherlessofthepain.

语篇解读：

文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。

汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。

幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。

1．AccordingtoParagraph2,theproblemofparkinghasresultedin________.

A．moretimeontheroad

B．agreatwasteoffuel

C．evenheaviertrafficjams

D．increaseddeathandinjuries

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第二段“Insomecarchokedcitiesasmuchasathirdofthepetrolusedisburnedbypeoplelookingforaspacetopark.”可知，在一些拥挤的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，故选B。

2．Whatdoes“asimilareffect”inParagraph4referto?

A．Reducingtrafficjams.

B．Buildingsmartmotorways.

C．Settingproperspeedlimits.

D．Keepingsteadytrafficflows.

解析：

选D　词义猜测题。

根据本段“Singaporehasledthewaywithusingvariabletolls（道路通行费）tosmoothtrafficflowsduringrushhours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选D。

3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsconnectedcars?

A．Curious.　　　　　　B．Doubtful.

C．Supportive.D．Disappointed.

解析：

选C　观点态度题。

根据第四段“Thesenewinventionscouldcreateamuchmorehighlyeffectivesystem”和第五段“Infuture,theconnectedcarcouldoffermankindthepleasuresoftheroadwithratherlessofthepain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选C。

4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．TheFutureofCars:

WirelessWheels

B．TheFutureTrafficManagementSystem

C．TheBenefitsandProblemsofCars

D．ThePromisingFutureofCarProduction

解析：

选A　标题归纳题。

根据第三段“anewtechnologypromisestomakemotoringsafer,lesspollutingandlesstendencytoholdups.’Connectedcars’—whichmayeventuallydevelopintodriverlesscars”和第四段“Manynewcarsarealreadybeingfittedwithequipmentthatletsthemkeeptheirdistance”和第五段“Infuture,theconnectedcarcouldoffer...lessofthepain.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。

故选A。

B

Ifyouhaveanallergytosomefood,evenaverytinybitoffoodcanmakeyousick.Lotsofkidshavefoodallergies—about3millionintheUnitedStatesalone.

Thefoodsthatcausethemostfoodallergiesincludepeanutsandothernuts;seafood,suchasshrimp;milk,particularlycow’smilk;eggs;wheat.

WhatIsaFoodAllergy?

Foodallergiesoccurwhenyourimmunesystemmakesamistake.Usually,yourimmunesystemprotectsyoufromgermsanddisease.Itdoesthisbymakingantibodiesthathelpyoufightoffbacteria,viruses,andothertinyorganismsthatcanmakeyousick.Butifyouhaveafoodallergy,yourimmunesystemmistakenlytreatssomethinginacertainfoodasifit’sreallydangeroustoyou.

What’saReactionLike?

Inthemostseriouscases,afoodallergycancauseanaphylaxis（过敏症）.Thisisasudden,severeallergicreactioninwhichseveralproblemsoccurallatonceandcaninvolvetheskin,breathing,digestion,theheartandbloodvessels.Aperson’sbloodpressurecandrop,breathingtubescannarrowandthetonguecanswell.Peopleatriskforthiskindofreactionhavetobeverycarefulandneedaplanforhandlingemergencies,whentheymightneedtogetspecialmedicinetostopthesesymptomsfromgettingworse.

WhatWilltheDoctorDo?

Ifyouthinkyoumaybeallergictoacertainfood,letyourparentsknow.Theywilltakeyoutothedoctortogetitcheckedout.Ifyourdoctorthinksyoumighthaveafoodallergy,heorshewillprobablysendyoutoseeadoctorwhospecializesinallergies.Theallergyspecialistwillaskyouaboutpastreactionsandhowlongittakesbetweeneatingthefoodandgettingthesymptom,suchashives.Theallergistalsomayaskaboutwhetheranyoneelseinyourfamilyhasallergiesorotherallergyrelatedconditions.Theallergistmayalsowanttodoaskintest.Thisisawayofseeinghowyourbodyreactstoaverysmallamountofthefoodthatisgivingyoutrouble.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的症状及其应对措施等。

5．Accordingtothepassage,youwillhaveafoodallergywhenyourimmunesystem________.

A．recognizestinyorganismsinacertainfood

B．mistakenlymakesantibodiestohelpfightoffsomethinginacertainfood

C．preventssomethingharmfulinthefoodfromenteringyourdigestivesystem

D．releaseschemicalstoremoveharmfulthingsinacertainfood

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“Butifyouhave...dangeroustoyou.”可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体。

故选B项。

6．Inthesuddenandsevereallergicreaction,whichofthefollowingmayhappen?

A．Bloodpressurerising.

B．Lipsswelling.

C．Breathingdifficulty.

D．Heartbeatingbecomingslow.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句“Thisisasudden...andbloodvessels.”及下一句中的“breathingtubescannarrow”可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄，出现呼吸困难。

故选C项。

7．Whichofthefollowingsuggestionsisgiventothoseatriskofsevereallergicreaction?

A．Takingmedicineassoonasanallergicreactionappears.

B．Avoidingeatinganyfoodwhengoingoutside.

C．Alwayscarryingwithspecialmedicineforpossiblesymptoms.

D．Preparingaplanfordealingwithemergenciesaheadoftime.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第四段最后一句中的“Peopleatriskforthiskindofreactionhavetobeverycarefulandneedaplanforhandlingemergencies”可知，过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。

故选D项。

8．Whatwillanallergistdotocheckyourfoodallergyout?

A．Askyouabouttheallergyassociatedinformation.

B．Giveyousomemedicinerightaway.

C．Enquireaboutyourpresentfeelingtowardsthefood.

D．Giveyouashotofliquidextractoffood.

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第四、五句“Theallergyspecialist...orotherallergyrelatedconditions.”可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。

故答案为A项。

C

Stressed?

Itisshowninrecentresearchthatwalkingorcyclingtoworkcalmsyoudown（travelingbybusortrainisalsobetterthandriving）．

“Walkingtoworkreducesstressandimprovesbrainpower，”researcherssay.Adultswhostoppeddrivingthecarandstartedwalkingorcyclingbecamecalmerandfounditeasiertoconcentrate.Astudyof18,000Britonsfoundthatgoingtoworkbytrainorbusimprovedtheirwellbeingcomparedwithdriving.

Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPreventiveMedicine,alsofoundthatthelongerpeoplespentwalkingorcycling,thehappierorlessstressedtheywere.However,stresslevelsandinabilitytoconcentrateworsenediftheyspentmoretimeinthecar.

LeadresearcherAdamMartin,fromtheUniversityofEastAnglia’sNorwichMedicalSchool,saidthatdespitethecrowdsanddisruption,walkingtobusstopsorstationsandbeingabletorelaxonthejourney“cheerpeopleup”.Twothirdsdrivetowork,18percentusepublictransport,11percentwalkand3percentcycle.

Aresearchearlierthisyearfoundthatcommuters（乘公共车辆往返者）hadsmallbutstatisticallysignificantlowerscoresonallmeasuresofwellbeing.Theworsteffectswerewitnessedinthosewhosejourneyslastbetween61and90minutes.Butwhencommutingtimereachesthreehoursormore,thenegativeeffectsdisappeared,thereportsaid.

“Theeffectsofcommutingonpersonalwellbeingarethegreatestforanxietyandhappiness,suggestingthatcommutingaffectsdaytodayemotionsmorethanoverallevaluationsofsatisfactionwithlifeorthesensethatdailyactivitiesareworthwhile，”thereportstated.

DrDanielNewman,fromCardiffUniversity’sSustainablePlacesResearchInstitute,said,“Thisreportsaysthatmanyofus,whospendmorningsandeveningssittingintrafficjam,alreadyknow:

commutingcanbeachore.”

语篇解读：

研究表明，骑车或步行上班有助于排解压力，提高幸福指数。

9．WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph1?

A．Drivingforlongdrivespeoplecrazy.

B．Feelingstressedcanbepredicted.

C．Walkingtoworkhelpsreducestress.

D．Travellingbybusmakespeopleexcited.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

通读第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于缓解压力。

10．Walkingtoworkissomething________.

A．preferredbymostpeople

B．easiertoperformindailylife

C．makingpeoplemorecreative

D．beneficialtothesenseofhappiness

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

第二、三段的内容告诉我们：

研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数。

11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chore”probablymean?

A．Tir