第二节课词组.docx
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第二节课词组.docx
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第二节课词组
第二节课:
主谓结构=主语+谓语(不及物动词)
*复习主语的构成
*谓语的构成:
1不及物动词
2不及物动词词组(相当于不及物动词)
I不及物动词
Thesunrises.(Thesunisrising.)
Timissleeping.
Thetrainarrives.(Thetrainisarriving.)Theblinddon’tread.
MayIgo?
(Imaygo.)
Iwilltry.
Whoknows?
Hemighthavearrived.
II不及物动词词组
TheeconomiccrisisbrokeoutfirstintheUnitedStates.
Theenginebrokedown.
Theconcertcameoffwell.
Hertemperaturecamedowninthemorning.
*主语+不及物动词+状语
Didyousleepwell?
Don’tdrivetoofast.
Sheisstudyinghardattheuniversity.
状语1状语2
Sheswimslikeafish.
Heoftendreamsatnight.
12
YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.
Thelecturelasted(for)anhour.
ClassExercisesI:
sentenceAnalysis:
11Youshouldworkhard.
12Mygrandmagetsupearlyeveryday.
13Whendidyouarrive?
14Shesmiledhappilyintears.
15Whereareyougoing?
16Infrontoftheclassroomsitsaboy.
ClassExercisesII:
PutthefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish:
1你到时来吗?
2他会理解的。
3一切顺利!
4我们在公园门口见面吧。
5经济危机爆发了。
6醒醒!
火车来了。
7他没跟大家告别就消失了,从此再没回来。
8孩子们正在草地上玩耍。
9昨晚发生什么事?
10他在众人面前大声地哭了。
作业:
1复习主谓结构
2造句:
5-8句。
3复印并阅读,划出主谓结构的句子。
5-8句。
常用词组辨析:
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.incident,accident
incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.
3.amount,number
amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画
Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,
word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.
8.population,people
population人口,人数,
people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.
9.weather,climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,
way道路,途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)asummercourse
12.custom,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
officer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer
18.work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数,job可数agoodjob
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
24.problem,question
problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用
25.man,aman
man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,
voyage指海上航行
athree-daytrip
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
30.price,prize
price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面
Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday暂时的,不长久的afamousscientistoftheday
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,Theywenttherebybus.
onthebus表范围
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻,一会儿,forthemoment暂时,一时
Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语,thenextyear过去将来时间状语
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多,
morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)
39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice
takeadvice征求意见,taketheadvice接受忠告
Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步
Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords
inaword总之,一句话,
inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingis
builtintheplaceoftheoldone.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,
一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarry
suchabigbox?
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
gotosea当海员,出航,bysea乘船,由海路,gobysea
bythesea在海边
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,
thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师
thedoctorandteacher+is、Thedoctorandtheteacher+are
48.inoffice,intheoffice
inoffice在职的,intheoffice在办公室里
Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.
49.inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上,卧病在床onthebed在床上
Heisillinbed.Thebookisonthebed.
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理,负责照料,inthechargeof由……照料
Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.
51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里
Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火上
Thehouseisonfire.Putthefoodonthefire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的
54.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一,再一,泛指,不确定thesecond(确定数目里的第二个)
Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天,bytheday按天计算
Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
56.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指具体的,特定的人,apeople一个民族
TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.
57.it,one
it同一物体,one同类不同一
Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
59.none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人
---Howmany…/Howmuch…?
---None.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数--因为有“an”(一个)
otherstudents,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常,notabit一点也不
I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
68.nomorethan,notmorethan(no表示全面否定)
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超过
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可
themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,
自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本,全然,afterall到底,毕竟Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物,Heistall.high常指物体.,主语是物体。
73.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的,主语是人
healthful有益于健康的主语是物healthfulexercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的
asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
77.gold,golden
gold指真金制品,名词或形容词;golden指金色的,形容词
金鱼:
goldfish,agoldring
80.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广
broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory
82.respectful,respectable
respectful对别人尊敬的,有礼貌的,berespectfultotheaged
respectable可敬的,值得别人尊敬的Thisisarespectableoldman..
83.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人(因为是过去分词,表被动语态--被取悦的),
pleasing主语常为物(现在分词,主动语态--取悦人的)
apleasanttripThetripispleasing.Heisgreatlypleased.
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,(现在分词表主动语态)
understandable=understand+able可理解的,能够懂的
anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake
87.ill,sick
ill做表语,sick定语,表语均可。
asickboy.Theboyissicktoday.
88.good,well
good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.
89.quiet,silent,still
quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。
90.hard,hardly
hard努力,hardly几乎不workhard.Icanhardlybelieveit.
91.able,capable
able与不定式todo连用--abletodo;capable与of连用–capableof
Heiscapableofdoing…
92.almost,nearly
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用almost--almostnobody
93.late,lately
late迟,晚,lately最近,近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
94.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,livebroadcast
allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive=allthepeoplewholive
95.excited,exciting
excited使人兴奋的(表被动,被….所兴奋),exciting令人兴奋的(现在分词表主动。
…东西让人兴奋)
I'mexcited
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