PET基础讲义第五讲介词连词教师版.docx
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PET基础讲义第五讲介词连词教师版.docx
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PET基础讲义第五讲介词连词教师版
知识点详析
(一)介词
1.时间介词
时间介词
基本用法
例子
at
多用于具体时刻前及固定搭配
atseveno’clock;
atnoon;atnight;
in
用于表示一段时间;或用于年、月、世纪、四季;或泛指一天的上午/下午等;还可表示“多久之后”
inthe21stcentury;
inthemorning/afternoon/evening;
inspring;inanhour
on
用于日期、星期、具体的某一天或具体某一天的早上/中午/晚上;或用于节日前
onJune6th;onTuesday;
onthemorningofahotsummerday;onChildren’sDay
since
从某时一直延续至今,接时间点,主句用完成时
MaryhasstudiedChinesesince2005.
for
指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段
MaryhasstudiedChinesefor5years.
from
说明开始的时间
fromnowon;fromthenon;fromdaytonight
before
before+时间点,意为“在……之前”
Pleasehandinyourhomeworkbeforeteno’clock.
after
表示在以过去为起点的某一点时间之后,用于过去时;after+时间点表示在将来的某个时间之后
Theyfinishedtheirhomeworkaftertwohours.
I’llcallyouupaftereight.
until
用于否定句中,与not...until...搭配,意为“直到……才……”;用于肯定句中意为“直到……为止”
Ididn’tgotobeduntil11:
00pm.
Iwaitedformydaduntilhecamehome.
by
by+时间点,表示“到……为止”by+将来时间点用一般将来时;by+过去时间点用过去完成时
Therewillbemorethan10,000peopleinthistownbynextyear.
Wehadlearned1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
during
during+时间段与延续性动词连用
IwenttoBeijingduringmysummerholiday.
2.地点介词
常见的地点介词有in,at,on,over,above,below,under,infrontof,inthefrontof,before,behind,atthebackof,by,beside,near,nextto,between,among,around,into,outof,through,across,to/toward/towards,along等。
注意容易混淆的几组地点介词:
单词
区别
例子
in
用在较大的地方前
arriveinBeijing
at
用在较小的地方前
arriveattheairport
on
表示“在……上面”,强调与表面接触
There’sabookonthedesk.
over
指“在……正上方”,表示垂直在上
There’sabridgeovertheriver.
above
指“在……上面”,属于斜上方
Raiseyourarmsaboveyourhead.
below
“在……下面”,不一定是垂直下方
Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.
under
“在……正下方”
Therearemanybikesunderthetree.
infrontof
“在……前面”(范围外)
There’sabigtreeinfrontofmyhome.
inthefrontof
“在……的前部”(范围内)
Theblackboardisinthefrontoftheclassroom.
between
在两者之间
Thebankisbetweenthehospitalandthelibrary.
among
在三者/三者以上之间
Heisthetallestboyamongallthechildreninhisclass.
across
在事物表面“横过,越过”
goacrossthestreet
through
从内部“穿过,通过”
gothroughthejungle/forest
past
从旁边“经过,通过”
gopastthebank
3.方式介词
方式介词
基本用法
例子
with
with+工具/手段
Weeatwithchopsticks.
without
“没有/无/不带”
Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.
by
by+交通工具/动名词
bybike/train/air/bus;
Hemakesalivingbypainting.
in
in+材料/语言/颜色(衣服)
Youcanwriteinblackink.
What’sthisinEnglish?
Who’sthegirlinred?
4.其他介词
单词
区别
例子
except
除了……之外;用作同类比较,把后面的内容排除在外
EveryonewentonahikingexceptTom.(Tom没去)
exceptfor
除了……之外,用作不同类别的比较,把后面的内容排除在外
He’sagoodman,exceptforhisbadtemper.
besides
除了……之外(……也……),把后面的内容包括在内,起强调作用,近似于aswellas
EveryonewentonahikingbesidesTom.(Tom去了)
but
除了……之外,与except用法近似,常与否定词noone,none,nothing和疑问词who,what以及不定代词all,everyone等连用,不能接从句
Therewasnoonetherebutme.
as
作为……
asastudent
5.常考句型:
(1)“It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.”:
形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点等的表示客观形式的形容词,
如easy,interesting,hard,difficult,impossible等
如.It’seasyforhimtofinishhishomework.
(2)“It’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth.”:
形容词一般为表示人的性格、品德、能力等的表示主观形式的形容词,如kind,good,crazy,foolish,clever,nice等
如.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.
6.常见介词短语(固定搭配)
at
atonce立刻,马上;atlast最后;atfirst起初,首先;attheageof...在……岁时;
attheendof...在……之末;atthebeginningof在……之初;atthefootof在……脚下;
atthesametime同时;atnight/noon在夜里/中午;atthetable在吃饭
with
withone’shelp在某人的帮助下;withthehelpof在某人的帮助下;withasmile面带笑容;
withone’sowneyes亲眼看见
from
fromnowon从现在起;fromthenon从那时起;farawayfrom远离
by
byandby不久;bytheway顺带一说;bythewindow在窗边;bytheendof...在……结束之前
in
infact事实上;inone’stwenties在某人二十几岁时;inahurry匆忙;inthemiddleof...在……中间;intime及时;ontime准时;inpublic在公共场合;inorderto...为了……;insurprise惊奇地;
in(the)frontof...在……前面;inthesun在阳光下;intheend最后,终于;inturn轮流
on
onone’sway(to)...在某人去……的路上;onfoot步行;on/attheweekend在周末;
ontheonehand...ontheotherhand在一方面……在另一方面;
ontheothersideof...在……另一边;on/overtheradio通过收音机
to
toone’sjoy使某人高兴的是;toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是
Exercise1:
1.—Idon’tthinkitisasuccessfulmovie.
—Itwouldbefoolish_____us____theirsuccesssofar.
A.for;denyB.for;todenyC.of;todenyD.of;denying
2.Wewereverysurprised______thenews.
A.intoB.forC.outofD.At
3.Don’tread________thesun.Itisbad_______youreyes.
A.under,toB.in,toC.under,forD.in,for
4.Theboylooksnice_______whitewhiletheredsweaterlooksgood____onthegirl.
A.with;onB.in;onC.on;inD.in;with
5.TheDragonBoatFestivaliscelebrated___differentways____thesametimeindifferentplaceseveryyear.
A.on;inB.in;atC.on;atD.in;on
6.______anEnglishman,Johnislookingforward_____the2012OlympicGames.
A.Of;inB.With;forC.For;atD.As;to
7.Theyusuallygoshopping_____theirlunchbreak.
A.againstB.amongC.betweenD.During
8.---Whenisyoursummervacation?
---Itbegins_________July15thandIdon’thavetogotoschooluntilAugust31th.
A.onB.inC.atD.By
9.YoucanimproveyourEnglish_____practicingmore.
A.byB.atC.withD.of
10.Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopular_______westerners.
A.amongB.betweenC.inD.within
keys:
CDDBBDDAAA
(二)连词
连词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,,但可以起连接作用。
用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。
连词分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词
用法
例句
并列连词(表示词、短语或句子间有并列关系)
表顺承或并列关系:
And和;both...and...(...和...两个都);
aswellas也;
notonly...butalso不但...而且
Neither...nor...既不...也不...
Myfatherboughtmeapresent,andIlikeditverymuch.
HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.
表转折关系:
but但是;yet然而;while而
Theytriedtogettoschoolontime,buttheyfailed.
LucylikesredwhileLilylikeswhite.
表选择关系:
Or或者;either...or要么...要么
Eitheryouorhecangothere.
表因果关系:
so;for
Itwasraininghard,soIcouldn’tgotomeetyou.
注意:
表示选择关系的并列连词
1.以or连接的句子可以转换为由否定条件句构成的复合句。
Hurryup,oryouwillmissthebus.
=Hurryup,andyoucancatchthebus.
2.Either...or...连接主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,“就近原则”
Eitheryouorhehastogo.
=Eitherheoryouhavetogo.
3.neither...nor...连接主语时,谓语动词也要遵循“就近原则”
从属连词
1.几个关于时间的连词
after在....以后
IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.
before在....以前
I’llstayherebeforemymothercomesback.
when/while当....的时候
在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
由while引导的从句,所用的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,而不能是瞬间动词(如begin,come,go等)
Whenthetelephonerang,Iwasdoingmyhomework.
Canyoulookaftermydogw
hileI’maway?
④since自从......以来。
该连词所连接的从句中的谓语动词通常是过去式,主句通常是一般现在时或现在完成时。
It’sfiveyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.
IhavelivedinBeijingsinceIcametoChina.
⑤assoonas“一...就...”,如果在复合句中,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般将来时表示将来。
I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.
2.表示原因的:
as;because;since
3.表示目的的:
sothat;inorderthat
4.表示结果的:
so...that...,such...That...
such修饰的中心词为名词
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词复数
such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数
so修饰的中心词为形容词或副词
So+adj./adv.+that从句
当名词由many、much、few或little(少)修饰时不用such而用so
So+many/few+复数名词
So+much/little+不可数名词
Heissuchacleverboythatwealllikehim.
=Heissocleverthatwealllikehim.
5.包含条件的从句中的连词有:
if、unless
Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llgotothepark.
Exercise2:
1.Theshopdoesn’topenuntil11.a.m,_____itlosesalotofbusiness.
A.forB.orC.butD.so
2.Onemoreweek,______we’llcompletethetask.
A.orB.sothatC.andD.if
3.-Look!
It’sthe________timethatIhaveseensomepeoplerunningtheredlighttoday.
-Weshouldwait___________othersarebreakingtherule.
4.ThemovieLifeofPiissoattractivethatitholdstheaudience’scuriosity___________thestoryreachestheend.
A.untilB.beforeC.afterD.when
5.-IsPaulfromAmerica?
-Well,Idon’tknow_____heisfromAmericaornot,_____IknowhespeaksEnglishverywell.
A.how;andB.that;orC.whether;butD.what;so
6.Thetwinsistershavelearnedalot__________theycametoChina.
A.WhenB.afterC.sinceD.assoonas
7.-Don’twastewater,_______wewon’thaveenoughtodrinksoonerorlater.
-Sorry,I_________.
A.so;willB.or;won’tC.but;won’tD.and;will
8.Heisverygladandkeepssmiling,_______hehasalreadyknownthegoodnews.
A.asifB.EventhoughC.evenifD.sothat
9._________scientistshavedonealotofresearchonA(H7N9)flu,therearestillsomecasesforfurtherstudy.
A.AsB.OnceC.IfD.Although
10._______you’renotfeelingwell,letmegoshoppinginstead.
A.NowthatB.BecauseofC.ThoughD.Because
Keys:
DCBACCBADAC
Homework
一、单项选择
1.Themoviewassofunnythatallofuskeptlaughing_________stopping.
A.forB.byC.withD.without
2.-IwanttogiveupEnglish.It’stoodifficult.
-Comeon.Weknowwewon’tmakeit_______hardwork.
A.withB.byC.withoutD.from
3.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem__________foodorclothing.
A.inB.withC.aboutD.for
4.TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcome_________fourdays.
A.afterB.ForC.duringD.in
5.-Howdoyouliketheicecream?
-Itis________deliciousthateveryoneenjoysit.Itisverykind______youtooofferusthetastydessert.
A.so;forB.so;ofC.such;forD.too;of
6.It’simpolite______you___________thosepeopleintrouble.
A.for;tolaughwithB.of;laughingwith
C.of;tolaughatD.for;laughingto
7.Themansaid_____asmile,“Isthiskind_______TVmade_____China,too?
”
A.with;of;inB.at;of;inC.in;for;forD.at;of;by
8.Guangzhouisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful;wearereallyproud___________it.
A.ofB.inC.toD.at
9.-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
-I’dliketo,______I’mtoobusy.
A.andB.orC.asD.but
10.Wewereswimminginthelake___________suddenlythestormstarted.
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