任务型阅读七选五 讲义.docx
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任务型阅读七选五 讲义.docx
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任务型阅读七选五讲义
专题二 任务型阅读(七选五)
✧考纲导续
主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握,其考点设置主要包括:
1.主题句;2.过渡句;3.推断句。
七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多,这两种文体的结构都比较清晰,过程完整,适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等,以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。
其特点如下:
1.选择基本为300词左右的说明文或议论文。
2.短文篇章结构常为:
提出问题——解决问题。
3.七个选项意义上都与短文相关,设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。
4.选项均为完整句子,句型不一。
✧分类例析
1.主题句
(2016•全国Ⅱ)
____37____
Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).____38____.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.
Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories
Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegarden.
A.Knowwhyyougarden
B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden
C.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters
D.It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers
E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants
F.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too
G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave
[解题思路]
本题考查主题句。
首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories”一致,故在A项和B项之间选择。
再根据本段倒数第二句“However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知,本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。
尝试解答:
__A______
(2017•全国Ⅲ)
___37____Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?
Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.
Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwantto...
A.Getasleepspecialist.
B.Findtherightmotivation.
C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.
D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.
E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.
F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.
G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.
[解题思路]
本题考查段落主题句。
形式上应与下一个标题Reconsidermorning一致,故在A、B、F和G之间选择。
再根据空后谈到要改变,先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因;后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因,就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变;由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机,因此本空选B。
尝试解答:
____B____
2.过渡句
(2013•全国Ⅰ片段)
Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.____74____Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.
E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.
F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.
[解题思路]
根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的thethird可知,这里是按照顺序排列,此处应该是第二条,与E项Thesecondaspect...吻合。
尝试解答:
此题属并列关系,故选___E_____
表示并列关系的词有:
first(ly),second(ly),...;first,then/next,...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranother(thing),...;tobeginwith,toconclude等词,表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系,空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。
(2015•北京片段)
First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.____73____Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.
A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.
D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.
[解题思路]
选项A中的alsohelps与空格前面句子中的help相对应,且两句话的主语形式统一,都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。
尝试解答:
此题属递进关系,故选___A_____
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。
表示递进关系的词有:
too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。
(2014•辽宁片段)
ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.
____37____
C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.
D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.
[解题思路]
空白处前面的句子“Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.”意为“无论是什么季节,戴太阳镜是极其重要的”,属于总结概括句。
选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”,本句是对上句观点的举例说明,能很好地顺接语境。
尝试解答:
此题属例证关系,故选___C_____
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。
例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演练(从观点到例子)。
(全国Ⅱ片段)
Getacoach
____51____,sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat'srightforyou.
A.Youaren'tlikeanybodyelse
D.Checktherulesaboutdosanddon'ts
E.Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough
[解题思路]
根据“sogethelp”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。
根据下句中的“...readytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses...”也可知开头说的与publicspeaking有关。
尝试解答:
故选___E_____
表示因果关系的词有:
so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。
(2016•全国Ⅰ片段)
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.____37____Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
[解题思路]
根据forexample可知,接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。
尝试解答:
__E______
(2015•全国Ⅰ片段)
Youdidn'tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?
Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.____40____Instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.
E.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.
F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.
G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.
[解题思路]
根据下一句中的Instead(反而)可知此空和下一句形成转折关系,G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)与之呼应,并且选项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现。
尝试解答:
此题属转折关系,故选___G_____
(2016•全国Ⅰ片段)
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.____39____Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”____40____However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
[解题思路]
本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。
下一句“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong”中出现了alsohard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系,证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反,即上一句应该是:
没有解密书,是很难去完成解密工作的。
尝试解答:
此题属于转折关系,故选___A_____
表示转折或对比关系的词有:
but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,yet,incontrast/comparison等。
3.段尾句
(2015•北京片段)
It'salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.____74____
E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.
F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.
[解题思路]
(1)本题为段尾空,属段落总结概括句,需要关注本段前面的内容。
(2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要,前一句提出mindfulness这一概念,并用同位语beingfocused做出解释。
第三步 对比信息句和选项,得出答案
尝试解答:
___E_____项中的it指代前一句的mindfulness,且attentive与前文的concentrate,beingfocused,avoidfallingasleep语义一致。
(2017•洛阳高三二模)
Thereisnodoubtthatanalyzingtheexactdataisimportanttoassessmentofanactualevent.Butdatashouldbedealtwithwisely.Weoftengetwrongdatawhichmisleadus.Remember,datahavenofeelingbutwehumanshave.Datadon'tmeanmuchtopeopleifwedonothavetheabilitiestoanalyzethedatawiththeknowledgeandconfidencetojudgewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.______
A.Thusweshouldtryourbesttobewisethinkers.
B.Datacanmakeourlifeeasierandmorecomfortable.
C.Butsometimeswemayfindthatdataaren'teverything.
D.Sometimesourheartsandmindaremoresensitivethandata.
E.Nowandthentheso-calledspecificdatapuzzleusverymuch.
F.Theexactdatashouldcomefromassessmentofanactualevent.
G.Therearemanythingsinourlifewhichcannotbemeasuredbydata.
[解题思路]
本题设空在段尾,空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否,那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。
所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”,结合线索词Thus可知正确答案。
尝试解答:
___A_____
(2014•北京片段)
Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.____71____
Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourself
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