非谓语动词教案 定.docx
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非谓语动词教案 定.docx
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非谓语动词教案定
非谓语动词
一、定义:
动词除在句中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词和副词的性质,因而可以做主语,表语,宾语,定语和状语,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
二、种类:
动词的非谓语形式有三种:
不定式、动名词和分词
三、用法:
(一)动词不定式
1.基本形式:
“to十动词原形”(某些情况可以不带to),其否定形式是“nottodo”.
2.特点:
没有人称和数的变化;可以带宾语或状语;有时态和语态的变化
3.用法:
l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.
例如:
Toseeistobelieve.
Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.
2)作宾语.
a.动词+todo要求用不定式作宾语的动词是:
want,wish,like,decide,begin,start,forget,learn,afford,agree,dislike,expect,hate,hope,seem,plan,try,refuse,manage,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,等
例如:
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.
b.动词+疑问词+todo
例如:
Idon’tknowhowtogettothathotel.
c.动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+todo
例如:
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.
3)作宾语补足语.
a.动词+宾语+todo
例如:
Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.
有以上结构的动词有:
tell,wish,ask,want,beg,permit,warn,allow,advise,encourage等
b.动词+宾语+不带to的动词
在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,
如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。
例如:
Theteachermakesmerewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewastired
但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.
hadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbut等后常省略to
4)作表语。
例如:
Myjobistohelpthepatient.
5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.
例如:
Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)
目的状语还可以用inorderto或soasto来表示.
例如:
Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedveryhard.
Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate.
不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.
例如:
Iamverygladtohearit.
Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.
“too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.
例如:
Heistoooldtodothat.
另外句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语.
例如:
Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus.
6)作定语.必须后置
例如:
Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.
7)由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语
例如:
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
8)It’s+adj.forsb.todosth.和It’s+adj.ofsb.todosth.
a.forsb.句型常表示事物的特征特点、客观形势的形容词,
如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等。
例如:
It’sveryhardforhimtofinishtheworkintwohours.
b.ofsb.句型一般用表示人物的性格、口德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,
如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right等。
例如:
It’sveryniceofyoutohelpme.
一.选择填空。
1.Tellhim___thewindow.
A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose
2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
3.You'dbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.
A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk
4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----Whynot___byboatforachange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?
A.topickthemupB.topickupthemC.pickitupD.pickupit
7.Sheisveryill,let's_______adoctoratonce.
A.towakeupB.sendforC.topayforD.payfor
8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobeB.toC.beD.being
9.It'scoldhere.You'dbetter______yourcoat.
A.nottakeoutB.nottotakedownC.nottakeoffD.nottotakeaway
10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.
A.drinkingB.drankC.todrinkD.drink
二、适当形式填空
1.Haveyoudecided________(怎样度假).
2.Itisdangerous________(玩火).
3.Shewasthefirstwoman________(环球飞行的).
4.Theboywasmade________(重复他自己的故事).
5.Theoldladylookedatthechildren________(穿过马路).
6.Ittookmemuchtime________(算出这些难题)yesterday.
7.Thebossmadetheworkers________(一天工作十小时).
8.Idon’tknow________(在会上说什么).
9.Canyoutellme________(在哪里能买到这本书)?
10.________(在何时何地召开这会议)hasn’tbeendecidedyet.
1.howtospendyourholiday
2.toplaywithfire
3.toflyaroundtheearth
4.toreporthisownstory
5.tocrosstheroad
6.toworkoutthesedifficultproblems
7.worktenhourseveryday
8.whattosayatthemeeting
9.wheretobuythisbook
10.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting
(二)动名词
1.动名词由动词+ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.
2.用法:
1)作主语.例如:
Seeingisbelieving.
注意:
动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,
不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作.
例如:
Playingwithfireisdangerous.(泛指玩火)
Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.(指一具体动作)
2)作表语.例如:
Herjobisteaching.
3)作宾语.
例如:
Heisfondofplayingfootball.
Ilikeswimming.
注:
a.只能接动名词的动词:
finish,mind,suggest,practise,enjoy,advise,consider,keep,imagine等
b.既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词:
begin,start,like,prefer,love,hate等
区别:
后接动名词表示经常性动作,后接不定式表示具体的特定动作。
c.forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。
4)作定语.
例如:
Hehasareadingroom.fnishingline终点线
5)动名词的复合结构:
形容词性的物主代词+动名词,名词所有格+动名词
例如:
Hiscomingmademeveryhappy.
Mary’scryingannoyedhim.
6)某些固定结构(动名词特殊用法)
a.Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
例如:
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
b.itisnouse/good+doing“…是没有用的”,thereisnopointindoingsth“…是没必要的”。
例如:
Itisnousetryingtopersuadehim.(=Itisofnousetotrytopersuadehim.)
Thereisnopointintellingherthisnews.(=Itisnotnecessarytotellherthenews.)
c.go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)。
例如:
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
d.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事
e.no+doing禁止……
f.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事
g.needdoing需要被做……
h.动名词短语常用在以下结构中:
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth例:
Wehavegreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.
havetrouble(in)+doingsth例:
Theyhadproblemgettingthere.
havefun(in)+doingsthhaveagood/hardtime(in)+doingsth
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Canyouimagineyourself______ inalonelyisland?
(stay)
2.Ican'tunderstandyour______ atthatpoorchild.(laugh)
3.Shedidn'tmind_______ overtime.(work)
4.Tomakealiving,hetried_______,________,andvariousotherthings,
buthehadfailedinall.(write;paint)
5.WearelookingforwardtoMary's________ .(come).
6.Shewaspraisedfor_______thelifeofthechild.(save)
7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof______(criticize).
8.Isthereanypossibilityofour______ thechampionship?
(win)
9.Hecametothepartywithout_______(invite)
10.Don’tkeepme__________(wait)foralongtime.
11.Knivesareusedfor______________(cut)things.
12.Canyoufinish___________(read)thebookinthreedays?
13.Thedoctorwasbusy____________(operate)ontheboyatthattime.
14.Stop___________(talk)andlistentomecarefully.
15.Thankyouverymuchfor____________(help)us.
16.Grannyisveryillandshedoesn’tfeellike___________(eat)anything.
17.Thegirlenjoys___________(listen)tolightmusic.
18.Doyouremember___________(buy)meabeautifulskirtonmy13thbirthday?
19.Wecouldn’thelp_________(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystory.
20.Whatabout___________(go)outforawalk?
答案:
(B)1.staying 2.laughing 3.working
4.writing;painting ing 6.havingsaved
7.beingcriticized 8.winning 9.beinginvited
10.waiting11.cutting12.reading
13.operating14.talking15.helping
16.eating17.listening18.buying
19.laughing20.going
(三)分词
1.分词的时态和语态
l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词有一般式和完成式.一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.
例如:
Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.
Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell.
2)现在分词有一般式和完成式,且有主动语态和被动语态,当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态,如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用分词完成式的被动形式.
例如:
Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant:
Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.
过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式没有完成式.
2.分词的用法
现在分词
1)作表语(相当于形容词):
Thenewsissurprising.
2)作定语:
分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
Themanstandingbythewindowisourteacher.
单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:
developingcountry发展中国家
3)作状语:
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。
例如:
Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.(原因)
Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)
4)作宾语补足语.例如:
Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.
可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有:
see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,smell,lookat,listento,have,get,keep,catch,leave,set等。
5)现在分词的否定形式“not+v-ing”
Notunderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldn’texplainthesentence.
过去分词
1)作表语:
Theglassisbroken.
2)作定语:
spokenEnglish英语口语fallenleaves落叶
3)作状语:
分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。
例如:
Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbythestudents.(方式)
Askedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.(时间)
4)作宾补:
You’dbetterhaveyourshoesmended.
5)过去分词的否定形式:
not+v过去分词
Notworriedbyhisfailure,hewentondoinghisexperiments.
注:
Hehadhisclotheswashed.(他叫别人洗了衣服)
Wehadthefireburningallday.(我们使火燃烧了一整天)。
“have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事;
“have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关.
巩固练习:
一、用括号中的动词适当形式填空
1.Wearesoglad________(hear)thenews.
2.Isawhim________(cross)theroadsafelyand________(run)away.
3.Youcan’tmakehim________(do)whatyouwant.
4.Idon’tknowwhere________(meet)him.
5.Whatmakesyou________(think)I’mafarmer?
6.Didyouseehim________(go)upstairs?
7.Itisbetter________(put)yourmoneyinabank.
8.Itisdifficultfortheboy________(swim)acrosstheriver.
9.Ilethim________(go)earlyashewanted________(meet)hisuncleatthestation.
10.Willyouhelpme________(move)thebed?
11.Ifhedoesn’tknow,how________(use)therecorder,you’dbetter________(show)him.
12.Heisthelastone________(leave)theofficeeveryday.
13.It’sbadmanners________(shout)inpublic.
14.Theboyisoldenough________(dress)himself.
15.Sheistooill________(go)toschool.
(A)1.tohear2.cross,run3.do4.tomeet5.think
6.go7.toput8.toswim9.go,tomeet10.(to)meet
11.touse,show12.toleave13.toshout14.todress15.togo
二、根据句意改写句子
1.Theoldmanissooldthathecan’twork.
Theoldmanistooold.
2.Idon’tknowhowIcangettotheTVfactory.
Idon’tknowtotheTV
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