心律失常英文版.ppt
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心律失常英文版.ppt
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,CardiacArrhythmia,INTRODUCTION,Arrthythmia:
abnormalitiesofcardiacrhythmandconductionArrthythmiascanbelethal(suddencardiacdeath),symptomatic(syncope,nearsyncopedizziness,orpalpitations),orasymptomatic.,Propertyofcardiacelctrophysiology,ExcitabilityAutomaticityConductivity,Excitability,ElectricalactivitywhichtakesplacewhenmyocardialcellisstimulatedElectricalactivityofsinglemyocardialcelliscalledactionpotential(AP),Excitability,CompositionandfeaturesofAPTherearefivephase(0、1、2、3、4)ElectrophysiologicalphenomenaduringAPRefractoryperiodAbsolute,Effective,Relative,Conductivity,ElectricalimpulsecanconductinmyocardialtissuebidirectionallyNormalconductionpathway:
sinusnodeintranodebundleatrioventriculanodeandintraatrialbundleHisbundlerightandleftbundlebranch(includingleftanterosuperiorandposteroinferior)Purkinjefibermyocardium,automaticity,Propertyofspontaneouslydischargingcells(spotaneousAP,diastolicdepolarization)Automaticityincreasesfromhightolowasfollows:
Physiologicalstatus:
SN、AVN、HIS、Purkinjepathological:
diseasedmyocardialandconductivetissue,etc.,Propertyofnormalrhythm,ImpulsefromSNHeartrateiswithin60100/minRegularrhythm,Pinterval0.12sPRintervalisbetween0.120.20s,QRScomplexduration0.10sFrontalaxiswithin-3090Itisconsideredasarrhythmiaifanyitemaboveisnotmatched,Classificationofcardiacarrhythmias,ClassifiedonpropertyofelectricalactivityAbnormalityofimpulseandconductionClassifiedonheartrate,rapidorslowRapidorslowarrhythmiasClassifiedonclinicalmanifestation,mildorseverFatalornonfatalHighriskorlowrisk,Mechanismsofarrhythmogenesis,ReentryConductioninconsistencyofanatomyorphysiologySingledirectionalconductionblockingDelayedconductionInitialblockingarearecoversexcitability,Mechanismsofarrhythmogenesis,IncreasedautomaticityEndogenousorexogenouscatecholamineincreasingAbnormalityofacid,electrolytebalanceIschemia,hypoxiaMechanicalstretchdrugsDisturbanceofnerve,Mechanismsofarrhythmogenesis,TriggeredactivityDepolarizingoscillationsofmembranevoltageinducedbyabnormalinwardNa+duringearlierorlaterreporlarization,ie,AfterdepolarizationEarlydepolarizationDelayeddepolarization,CategoryofArrthythmia,AbnormalitiesofimpulsesgeneratingAbnormalitiesofimpulsesconduction,Abnormalitiesofimpulsesgenerating,Sinusarrthythmias:
sinusbradycardia,sinustachycardia,sinusarrest,Abnormalitiesofimpulsesgenerating,Ectopicrhythm:
1.Passiveabnormalrhythm:
escapebeat,escaperhythm(atrial,AVjunctional,ventricular)2.Initiativeectopicrhythm:
prematurebeat(atrial,AVjunctional,ventricular)paroxysmaltachycardia(atrial,AVjunctional,ventricular)atrialflutter,atrialfibrillationventricularflutter,ventricularfibrillation,Abnormalitiesofimpulsesconduction,1.physiologic2.pathologic:
sinoatrialblock,intra-atrialblock,atrialventricularblock,bundlebranchblock,intraventricularblock.3.abnormalpathwayconduction:
preexcitationsyndrome,SinusArrhythmia,1.Normalsinusrhythm,thePwaveappearregularly,thePwaveisuprightinleadI,II,AVF,V4-V6andnegativeinleadAVR,P-Rintervalexceed120ms.,.,2.SinusTachycardia,ECGSinusTachycardiaisdefinedasaheartratefasterthan100beats/minwithsinusrhythm,frequencybetween100-150bpm.PwavehaveanormalcontourandappearbeforeeachQRScomplexwithastableP-Rinterval.,SinusTachycardia,Causes:
itoccurswithfever,exercise,emotion,pain,anemia,heartfailure,shock,thyrotoxicosis,orinresponsetomanydrugs.Alcohol,tea,caffeineandalcoholwithdrawalarecommoncausesofsinustachycardia.,3.Sinusbradycardia,ECG:
sinusrhythmECG,heartrateslowerthan60beats/min.,Sinusbradycardia,Causes:
Physiological:
youngadults,atheletes,duringsleep.Pathological:
hypothermia,raisedintracranialpressure,AMIaffectingtheSAnode,drugs(e.g.beta-blockers),fibrosisofSAnode.,4.Sinusarrhythmia,Sinusarrhythmiaischaracterizedbyavariationinsinuscyclelengthduringwhichthemaximumsinuscyclelengthminusminimumsinuscyclelengthexceeds120ms.,Sinusarrhythmiaisacyclicincreaseinnormalheartratewithinspirationanddecreasewithexpiration.Itresultsfromreflexchangesinvagalinfluenceonthenormalpacemaker,5.Sinusarrest,ECG:
PPintervalelongatesabruptly,basicallyatsinusbradycardia,whichisnotcommonmultiplesofbasicPPintervalEscapebeatorrhythmiscommonseen,6.Sicksinussyndromesss,EtiologyIntrinsic:
sinusnodeitselfisinvolved,e.g.ischemia,regressivedegeneration,infiltrationofothercellsortissuesExtrinsic:
highvagaltone,hyperkalemia,antiarrhythmicsmostfrequentetiologyareregressivedegenerationandCHD,SickSinusSyndrome,ECG:
persistentmarkedsinusbradycardia(50bpm);sinusarrest,sinoatrialblock;sinoatrialblockandatrialventricularblockexistatthesametime;Noescapebeatsappearaftersinusarrestbradycardia-tachycardiasyndrome(sinu
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