第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型.docx

第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型.docx

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第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型

第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型

根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求，大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种：

首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。

第一节首尾句作文

首尾句作文是根据段首（尾）句续写短文。

段首句作文也称主题句作文，因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。

其特点是以题目为中心，一般情况下将文章分为三个段落，每段首句即为该段的主题句（topicsentences）。

考生要按主题句的要求组织材料，提出论据，用一些辅助句（supportingsentences）来支持或说明主题句，写英文段首句作文要注意：

所写的内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应围绕段首句续写。

保证段内每个句子的内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落，如：

例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。

要注意句与句之间，特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。

另外，所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子，有时不是一个完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，这就要求考生一定要审好题。

找出其中表示中心思想的关键词，围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。

［例1］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutWomenintheModernWorldinthreeparagraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodeveloptheideaincompletingtheparagraph;yourpartofthecompositionshouldbeabout100words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.

［范文］

WomenintheModernWorld

Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinsociety.Successfulwomenwhoaregovernmentofficials,writers,scientists,doctorsandteacherscanbefoundeverywhere.Itistruethatmanyjobsthatonceweredominatedbymencanbedonewellbywomen.

Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Thehusbandisnolongertheonlybreadmakerinthefamilyandthewifenolongerlivesonothers.Theysharecomfortsandhardshipswitheachother.

Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Womenstillfacemanydifficultiesandobstaclesduetotraditionalrolesandlimitedeconomicstrength.Womenstillhavealongwaytogointheirstruggleforcompleteequalitywithmen.

第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用，因而续写的内容紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用，比如，妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等；第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的地位也提高了，续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共；第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任重而道远，续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题，整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。

［例２］Directions:

WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs,youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:

1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.

2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,...

3Therefore,...

［范文］

WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower

Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld.Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity.

Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble.Forinstance,allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking.Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity.

Therefore,weshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower.Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources.Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings.

第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。

第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设，下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。

最后一段指出我们应该节约用电，开拓更多的电力资源。

第二节提纲作文

提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲（一般为中文提纲）进行写作。

中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。

写提纲作文，首先要做的就是审题，并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。

审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句，再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。

在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚，开门见山。

［例1］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGoodHealthaccordingthefollowingoutline.Yourcompositionislessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.

Outline:

1健康的重要性

2保持健康的方法

3我的做法

［范文］

GoodHealth

Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone.Withit,wecanstudyhard,wecanserveourcountry,wecandoeverythingaswelike.Withoutgoodhealth,everybodyknowsthatwewillfailtodothings.Wecan’tworkefficiently,wemaystayinhospital,wellbecomeaburdenofourfamily.

Inmyopinion,therearetwowaysforustokeepfit.First,wemusteatabalanceddiet.Thatistosay,wemusteatnotonlyeggs,fishandmeat,butalsosomevegetablesandfruiteveryday.Besideseatingproperly,drinkingcleanwaterisalsoimportant.Nevergetaddictedtodrinkingthesoftdrink.Second,exercisingisavitalpartofourdailylife.Wecandosomerunninginthemorningandplayfootballintheafternoon.

Asauniversitystudent,Ipaymuchattentiontophysicalexercises.Idosomeswimminginsummerandsomeskatinginwinter.Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.

文章开门见山就点出了主题：

Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone。

然后作者很巧妙地用了with和without这两个介词从正反两个方面举出了具体的事例来支持自己的观点。

另外，with和without这两个词常用于议论文中，用“正证法”和“反证法”来对各论点或观点进行论述。

第二段的开头句紧扣提纲，概括地提出保持健康有两种方法，并且通过first,second这样的指示词,使所列举的事实条理化。

最后一段告诉读者自己的做法，也紧扣了提纲。

［例2］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition.Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.

Outline:

1Theimportanceofcompetition

2Thefunctionofcompetition

3Myownpractices

［范文］

Competition

Competitionmakespeopleactiveandcreative.Itisverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance.Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldtakeanyresponsibility.“Threemonks,therewillbenodrinkingwater.”ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChinasproductivitywassolowbeforeMr.Dengcameintopower.Atthattime,wehadthesocalledplannedeconomy.Therewasnocompetitionatall.Sofarmersdidntworkhard.Workersdidntworkhard.Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse.

Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodothings.Forexample,in100meterrace,eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampion,thesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife.Ifacompanywantstosurpass,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency.Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanbeings.Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies.ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.

文章一开头就提出了竞争的重要性。

接下来，作者用了两个事例更进一步说明了主题。

最后谈到了自己的做法。

［例3］

Directions:

ForthisPart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicLosingandGainingweightaccordingtothefollowing.Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.

Outline:

Thecomparisonofone’sbodytoacar:

thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofone’sbodyandone’scar.

1Thewaysforgainingweightandlosingweight.

2Myownpractices.

［范文］

LosingandGainingweight

Theprocessofgainingorlosingweightcanbeexplainedbycomparingyourcar.First,yourcarcan’trunifthereisnopetrolordieseloil.Becauseitneedsenergy.Thesamethinghappenstoyourbody.Yourbodyalsoneedsenergy,thefoodyoueatcanbeconvertedintoenergy,withwhichyoucanrun,youcantalk,youcandoeverything.Second,ifyoueattoomuchyouwillgainweight.Weknowacarwithtooheavyloadcantrunquicklyandsafely.Maybeitwillbreakdown.Forthesamereason,ifyouaretoofat,itisalsoveryinconvenientanddangerous.Youmightgetheartdisease,diabetes,andhypertensionandsoon.Ifsuchthingshappen,doctorwouldaskyoutoloseweight.

Youeattoomuchandyoudonttakeexercise,youllgainweight.Soifyouwanttoloseweightyouhavetodotheopposite.Youwillbeonadiet.Youwillgooutanddosomeexercises,suchas,running,swimming,andplayingfootball,etc.Soon,youllbebackingoodconditionandgoodshapeagain.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Igetupandgotobedearly,doplentyofexerciseseveryday,andpayspecialattentiontothefoodIeataswell.Idonteattoomuchmeat.Instead,mydietconsistsofvegetables,fruits,eggs,fish,andbeans.BydoingthisIcankeepfit.

作者在这篇文章中先用比较对比法比较了人与车之间的相似之处：

车需要汽油，人需要食物；车载的重物过多跑不快，人长得太胖既行动不便也存有隐患，因而过于肥胖的人就需要减肥。

第一段的最后一句话起了承上启下的作用。

接下来作者谈了如何减肥，最后很自然地过渡到作者自己的做法。

第三节关键词作文

关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。

关键词的数目由几个到十几个不等。

写这种题型的作文，要特别注意关键词的作用。

关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”，在作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。

因此，写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都用上，可以一句中用上几个词，也可以几句中用上一个词，只要能做到恰到好处即可。

而且，要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。

如果所给的关键词可以分为三组，那么，短文就可以写成三段。

如果给出的关键词是两组，短文就可以写为两段。

再者，要把给出的关键词用在刀刃上，即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应该有关键词。

［例1］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheAdvantagesofTravel”basedonthewordsandphrasesgiven:

advantageswidenourknowledge,makefriends,knowledgeorgeography,beautifulscenery,differentlifestyle,customsandcultures,variousfoods,practiceaforeignlanguage,worthspendingthetime.

［范文］

TheAdvantagesofTravel

Wheneveracollegestudentisasked“Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?

”themostprobableanswermightbe“Iamgoingtohaveatrip.”Itseemsthatcollegestudentsarefondoftravelingverymuch.Why?

Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages.

Firstofall,travelcanwidenourknowledgeofgeography,theknowledgeofdifferentcustoms,culturesandlifestylesofdifferentplacesandcountries.Secondly,wecanmakefriendsandpracticeaforeignlanguagethroughtraveling.Finally,travelisthebestwayofspendingtime.Wecanenjoyeatingvariouslocalfoodsandseeingbeautifulscenery.

Inaword,wecanbenefitfromtravelinmorethanoneway.Itisworthspendingthetime.

作者在第一段中就用上了关键词travel和advantage，并很巧妙地利用Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages这样的承上启下的句子来引出下文关于旅游的种种好处。

最后又把关键词用在了文章的结尾处，强化了主题，不失为画龙点睛之笔。

［例2］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheHelpfulFeaturesofTextbooks”basedonthefollowingwordsgiven:

textbooks,school,levels,kids,purpose,learn,therefore,features,information,contentsts,page,understand,divide,sections,finally,alphabetical,ma