常用的前缀和后缀.docx
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常用的前缀和后缀.docx
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常用的前缀和后缀
一、常用的前缀和后缀
1、常用前缀
aero-:
concerningtheairofaircraft
plane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
anti-:
against;oppositeof
nuclear—antinuclear
matter—antimatter
war—antiwar
auto-:
oforbyoneself
biography—autobiography
criticism—autocriticism
be-:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend—befriend
little—belittle
bi-:
two;twice;double
lingual—bilingual
cycle—bicycle
bio-:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry—biochemistry
sphere—biosphere
by-,bye-:
lessimportant
produce—by-produce
way—byway
centi-:
hundredthpart
grade—centigrade
meter—centimeter
co-:
together,with
author—coauthor
exist—coexist
col-:
(usedbeforel)together,with
location—collocation
-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with
passion—compassion
con-:
together,with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
contra-:
opposite
diction—contradiction
natural—contranatural
cor-:
(usedbeforer)together,with
relate—correlate
respond—correspond
counter-:
opposite
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
de-:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code—decode
value—devalue
dis-:
not;theoppositeof
advantage—disadvantage
agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body—embody
power—empower
en-:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
ex-:
former(andstillliving)
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
extra-:
outside;beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
fore-:
inadvance,before;inoratthefront
arm—forearm
warn—forewarn
il-:
(usedbeforel)not
legal—illegal
literate—illiterate
im-:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)not
moral—immoral
possible—impossible
in-:
not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-:
belowinarange;beyond
red—infrared
structure——infrastructure
inter-:
between;among
change——interchange
national——international
intra-:
inside,within;into
city——intracity
department——intra-department
ir-:
(usedbeforer)not
regular——irregular
responsible——irresponsible
kilo-:
thousand
gram——kilogram
meter——kilometer
macro-:
large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan
particularpartsof
economics——macroeconomics
structure——macrostructure
mal-:
badorbadly
function——malfunction
treat——maltreat
micro-:
extremelysmall
computer——microcomputer
electronics——microelectronics
mid-:
middle
day——midday
night——midnight
mini-:
small;short
bus——minibus
skirt——miniskirt
mis-:
badorbadly;wrongorwrongly
fortune——misfortune
understand——misunderstand
mono-:
one;single
plane——monoplane
tone——monotone
multi-:
morethanone;many
purpose——multipurpose
national——multinational
non-:
not
resident——non(-)resident
sense——nonsense
out-:
outside;beyond
live——outlive
door——outdoor
over-:
toomuch;above;additional
head——overhead
time——overtime
poly-:
many
centric——polycentric
syllabic——polysyllabic
post-:
laterthan;after
graduate——postgraduate
war——postwar
pre-:
before;inadvance
pay——prepay
war——prewar
pro-:
infavorof,supporting
America——pro-America
abortion——pro-abortion
pseudo-:
notreal;false
name——pseudonym
science——pseudoscience
re-:
again;backtotheformerstate
unite——reunite
use——reuse
self-:
bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orin
oneselforitself
employed——self-employed
taught——self-taught
semi-:
half;partly
circle——semicircle
final——semifinal
step-:
notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried
mother——stepmother
children——stepchildren
sub-:
under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbigger
whole
divide——subdivide
section——subsection
super-:
more,larger,greaterthanusual
market——supermarket
natural——supernatural
tele-:
atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision
communication——telecommunication
screen——telescreen
therm(o)-:
concerningheat
chemistry——thermochemistry
meter——thermometer
trans-:
across,onortotheothersideof;between
Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
tri-:
three;threetimes
angular—triangular
cycle—tricycle
ultra-:
beyond;very,extremely
modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
un-:
not
certain—uncertain
fortunate—unfortunate
under-:
toolittle;below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
uni-:
one,singer
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
vice-:
nextintherank;below
chairman—vice-chairman
president—vice-president
2.常用后缀
(1)名词后缀
-ability,-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library—librarian
music—musician
-ance,-ence
appear—appearance
refer—reference
-ancy,-ency
emerge—emergency
expect—expectancy
-ant,-ent
apply—applicant
correspond—correspondent
-cy
accurate—accuratcy
private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom
free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee
interview—interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint—painter
beg—beggar
-ery
brave—bravery
slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinaese
Japan—Japanese
-ess
actor—actress
waiter—waitress
-ful
hand—handful
spoon—spoonful
-hood
child—childhood
man—manhood
-ics
electron—electronics
linguist—linguistics
-ion,-ition,-ation
collect—collection
observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism
socialist—socialism
-ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist
violin—violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel—cruelty
pure—purity
-ment
move—movement
retire——retirement
-ness
dark——darkness
happy——happiness
-ology
climate——climatology
future——futurology
-ship
friend——friendship
scholar——scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide——decision
expand——expansion
-th
grow——growth
wide——width
-ure
close——closure
expose——exposure
(2)动词前缀
-en
deep——deepen
fast——fasten
-ify
class——classify
simple——simplify
-ize,-ise
modern——modernize/modernize
popular——popularize/popularize
(3)形容词后缀
-able,-ible
suit——suitable
question——questionable
-al
nature——natural
structure——structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb——suburban
Canada——Canadian
-ant,-ent
differ——different
please——pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise——advisory
custom——customary
-ate
consider——considerate
fortune——fortunate
-en
gold——golden
wood——wooden
-ese
China——Chinese
Japan——Japanese
-free
care——carefree
duty——duty-free
-ful
care——careful
pain——painful
-ic,-ical
atom——atomic
psychology——psychological
-ish
girl——girlish
child——childish
-ive
create——creative
support——supportive
-less
hope——hopeless
pain——painless
-like
child——childlike
lady——ladylike
-ly
man——manly
month——monthly
-ous,-ious
danger——dangerous
poison——poisonous
-some
tire——tiresome
trouble——troublesome
-ward
down——downward
up——upward
-y
guilt-guilty
noise-noisy
(4)副词后缀
-ly
easy-easily
heavy-heavily
-ward,-wards
east-eastward(s)
north-northward(s)
-wise
clock-clockwise
other-otherwise
前缀
1,a-
1)加在单词或词根前面,表示“不,无,非”。
acentric;amoral;
2)加在单词前,表示“在,的”
asleep;aside
2,ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去”
abnormal,;abuse
3,ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。
accompany,accomplish,affirm,attract
4,ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强”。
adapt,adopt,adjoin,adjust,adventure
5,amphi-“两个,两种”。
amphibian
6,an-在词根前,表示“不,无”。
anonymous,anarchism
7,ana-表示“错误,在旁边,分开”
analogy,analysis
8,ante-表示“前面,先”
antedate,anterior,antecedent
9,anti-表示“反对,相反”
antiwar,antitank,antibody
10,apo-表示“离开,远离”
apogee
11,auto-“自动,自己”
automobile,automatic,autograph
12,be-
1)构成动词,表示“使成为”
befall,befriend,behold
2)构成介词
beside,behind,below,before,beneath
13,bene-“善,好”
benefaction,benediction,beneficent
14,bi-表示“两个”
biweekly,bilingual,biennial,
15,by-“在旁边,副的”
byroad,byway,bywork
16,circum-“环绕,周围”
17,co-表示“共同”,通常方在元音词根前。
Coeducation,cohabit,coexist,coincide
18,col-,cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”。
collapse,colleague,collect
19,-,con-“共同”
combine,compassion,commotion,
20,contra-表示“反对,相反”
contrary,contradict,contravene,
21,counter-表示“反对,相反”
counteract,counterbalance,
22,de-
表示“去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下”等
destruction,demobilize.desalt
表示“使…成为,加强”等
depict
23.di-
表示“两个,双”
dichromatic,dioxide
表示“使…变成,分开,离开”
digest
24,dia-表示“穿过,二者之间”
dialogue,diameter
25,dif-和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开”
differ,difference,diffident
26,dis-
表示“不,消失掉”
dislike,disorder,dishonest
表示“分开,分离”
dispart,disseminate,dispense
27,dys-表示“坏,不良”
dyspepsia,dyslexia,dysfunction
28,e-,ef-表示“出,出来”
evaluate,elongate,elaborate
29,em-,en-
表示“进入…之中,包围”
embrace,embed,empathy
表示“使…进入状态”
empower,embitter,embody
30,epi-表示“在…上,在…周围,在…后面”
epidermal,epidemic,epigram
31,eu-表示“好,优秀”
eulogize,euphemism,euphonious
32,ex-
表示“出,出去”
export,exclude,expel
表示“前面的,前任的”
ex-wife,ex-president,
33,exo-表示“外部的,外面”
exogamy,exotic
34,extra-表示“以外的,超过的”
extracurriculum,extraordinary,
35,fore-表示“前面,预先”
foresee,forehead,forestall
36,hetero-表示“异类,异种”
heterosexual,heterodoxy,
37,homo-表示“同类的”
homogeneous,homonym
38,hyper-表示“超过,太多”
hyperactive,hypersensitive,
39,hypo-表示“下面,次等”
hypodermic,hypocrisy,hypocrite
40,il-,ir-
放在同辅音词根前表示“不,无”
illegal,illiterate,illogical,
表示“使…成为,进入”
illustrate,illuminate,illusion,
41,im-,in-
表示“不,无,非”
impossible,immoral,impolite,
表示“向,进入”
import,imprison,immigrate
42,inter-表示“在…之间,相互”
international,interp
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- 常用 前缀 后缀