考研英语一真题及参考答案完整版.docx
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考研英语一真题及参考答案完整版.docx
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考研英语一真题及参考答案完整版
2021考研英语〔一〕真题及参考答案〔完整版〕
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:
childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.
4,whydowetrustatall?
Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9:
InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.
11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?
〞beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow〞!
Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them.
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe
“20〞testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
*—
1.[A]on
■**
[B]like
[C]for
[D]from
2.[A]faith
(B)concern
[C]attention
[D]interest
3.[A]benefit
[B]debt
[C]hope
[D]price
4.[A]Therefore
[B]Then
[C]Instead
[D]Again
5.[AjUntil
[B]Unless
[C]Alihough
[D]
6.[A]selects
[B]produces
[C]applies
[D]maintains
7.[A]consdt
[B]compete
[C]counect
[D]compare
S.[A]at
IB]by
[C]of
[D]to
9.[A]context
[B]mood
[C]period
[D]circle
1O.[A]counterparts
[B]substitutes
[C]colleagues
[Djaupporters
1l.[A]Funny
[B]Lucky
[C]Odd
[D]Ironic
12.[A]monitor
[B]protect
[C]surprise
[D]delight
13{A]between
[B]within
[C]toward
[D]over
14.[A]nansferred
[B]added
[C]introduced
[D]enmisred
15一[A]out
[B]back
[C]around
[D]inside
16JA]discovered
[B]proved
[C]insisrtd
[D]rcmcnibered
17.[A]betrayed
[B]wronged
[C]fooled
[D]mocked
IS[A]forced
[B]TVilling
[C]hesiunt
[D]entided
19[A]Encontrast
[B]Asaresult
[C]Ontheuholt
[D]Forinsanee
2O.[A]inflexible
[B]incapable
[C]unreliable
[D]unsmtible
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtext
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:
Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsare
athighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering——have
arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.
Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
2L一WhowillbemostthreatenedbyautomationQ
[A]Leadingpoliticims.
[B]Low-wag&laborers.
[CjRobotbvnm〞
[D]Nlid(ile-cla£sxvorkers.
22XVhkhofth亡followingbestrepresenttheauthors匸恰“川
[A]Worriesaboutauwmaxionareinfactgroundless.
[BjOptimists'apinio口5onnewtechfintHitdtsupport.
[C]Issuesarisin呂fromautomationnetdtobetackled
[DjNegativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.EdTica.ti&nintheageofautomaticiishouldputmoreenipkasison[A]creativepotential.
[Bjjcb-huntingskills-
[C]individualneeds.
[D]cocpera.tivespiril_
24.Tiiiauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbelimedat
[A]encouragingthedevelopmentcfautematon
[EJincreasinglhererumoncapitalinvesnnenr.
[C]easingthehostilirybetweenrichandpoci.
[D]prevennng±eincomiegapfromwidening.
25In [A]opposingviewsonit. [B]possiblesolutionsioit [C]itsblamingimpacts. [D]it5majorvaiiahcns. Text2 AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthrough othersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2021presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitter usersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillful atseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust〞toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,〞thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2021surveyconducted inAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityof Wisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement. Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,〞moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews〞viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibility incounteractingthisproblem,〞saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup. Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia. 26.AccordingtothePaiagraph.s1and2=inanyyoungAmeri亡an5castdoubtsnn [A]±ejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice. [B]people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms. [C]theadmmistratioii^abilitytohandleinfbimato.EL. [D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews. 27.Thephraset;bcernpT(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinnieaniagto [A]sharpen [B]define [C]toast [D]share 2S.Accordingtotheknisdittounch.tionsurvey,ycimgpeople [A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspice. [B]verifyn亡活塔byitftningtodiverseresources. [C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibil
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