高一英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx
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高一英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析.docx
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高一英语阅读理解真题汇编含答案及解析
高一英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
UnitedStateshealthofficialsareurgingpeopletostopusingelectroniccigarettes,knownase-cigarettes.Thecalltoactioncameaftersuchproductswerelinkedtohealthproblems.Fivedeathshavealsobeenreported.E-cigarettesareapopularsubstituteforsmokingproducts.Theelectronicdevicesheatliquidthatincludesflavoring,nicotineandotherchemicalsintovapor—verysmallparticlesthatusersbreathein.Nicotineisfoundinmanyplants,includingtobacco.E-cigarettesorsimilardevicesalsocanprovideTHCorothersubstancestousers.THCisthenaturalchemicalpresentinmarijuana(大麻)plantsthatgivesusersthementalstateknownasa"high".
E-cigarettesaresaidtobesaferthannormalcigarettesbecausetheydonotcreatethecancer-causingbyproductsofburningtobacco.Yethealthofficialssaye-cigaretteusershavereportedshortnessofbreathandotherbreathingproblems,suchascoughingandchestpain.Somehavebeensicktothestomach,feltverytired,sufferedweightlossordevelopedhighbodytemperatures.Onereportnotedthatmostofthe53illnessesreportedinIllinoisandWisconsinwererelatedtoTHCvaping(气化)products.Butnearly20percentofthepatientsinhaled(吸入)substanceslikenicotinefrome-cigarettes.Mostofthereportedcaseswereofyoungmen.
Thereportfoundthat,"Sincenosingleproductorsubstancehasbeenassociatedwiththeillness,personsshouldconsidernotusinge-cigaretteswhilethisinvestigationisongoing."LastNovember,TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,orCDC,reportedthat"e-cigaretteuseincreasedconsiderablyamongU.S.middleandhighschoolstudentsduring2017—2018."Amonghighschoolstudents,itfounde-cigaretteuserosefrom220,000studentsin2011to3.05millionin2018.
OnMonday,theFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDAgaveawarningtoJUULLabs,makerofthebest-sellinge-cigarettes.TheFDAaccusedthecompanyofillegallymarketingitsproductsasbeing"saferthancigarettes"withouttheagency'sapproval.Inastatement,theFDA'sactingcommissionersaidthat,"JUULhasignoredthelaw,andhasmadesomeofthesestatementsinschooltoournation'syouth."AJUULspokesmansaidthecompanyisstudyingtheFDA'scommentsand"willfullycooperate".
(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribee-cigarettes?
A.Deadly.
B.Harmless.
C.Infectious.
D.Effective.
(2)Whatchangewillbecausedwhensmokersinhalee-cigarettescontainingTHC?
A.Theywillbehealthier.
B.Theywillloseweight.
C.Theywillfeelexcited.
D.Theywillbepeaceful.
(3)WhatinformationaboutJUULLabscanwegetfromthelastparagraph?
A.Studentsbecameitsmainmarketingtargets.
B.FDAdidn'tagreeonitswayofpromotingitsproducts.
C.Itcompletelydeniedwhatitwasaccusedof.
D.E-cigaretteswereinventedbyit.
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Say"No"tocigarettes
B.Asharpriseofe-cigarettesuseamongyoungpeople.
C.Safere-cigarettesareneededforhealth.
D.E-cigarettes—apotentialkiller.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,美国卫生官员敦促人们停止使用电子烟,电子烟同人们的健康问题有关。
并介绍电子烟是怎样危害人们健康的。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“UnitedStateshealthofficialsareurgingpeopletostopusingelectroniccigarettes,knownase-cigarettes.Thecalltoactioncameaftersuchproductswerelinkedtohealthproblems.Fivedeathshavealsobeenreported.”美国卫生官员敦促人们停止使用电子烟。
在这些产品被发现与健康问题有关后,呼吁采取行动。
另外报道有五人死亡。
由此可推断,电子烟不但影响人们健康,而且有可能是致命的,故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“E-cigarettesorsimilardevicesalsocanprovideTHCorothersubstancestousers.THCisthenaturalchemicalpresentinmarijuana(大麻)plantsthatgivesusersthementalstateknownasa‘high’.”电子烟或类似的设备也可以向使用者提供THC或其他物质。
THC是存在于大麻植物中的自然化学物质,给予使用者一种“high”的心理状态。
这里的“high”指的是喝醉或者吸毒后的那种兴奋的状态,因此使用者吸入了含有THC的电子烟会感到兴奋,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“OnMonday,theFoodandDrugAdministration,orFDAgaveawarningtoJUULLabs,makerofthebest-sellinge-cigarettes.TheFDAaccusedthecompanyofillegallymarketingitsproductsasbeing‘saferthancigarettes’withouttheagency'sapproval.”周一,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)向畅销电子烟的制造商JUULLabs发出了警告。
FDA指控该公司未经FDA批准,非法销售其产品,称其“比香烟更安全”。
由此可知FDA不同意其销售此产品,故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文主要讲述美国卫生官员敦促人们停止使用电子烟,电子烟同人们的健康问题有关并介绍电子烟是怎样危害人们健康的。
中心思想强调的就是电子烟危害人们的健康。
D选项E-cigarettes—apotentialkiller“电子烟—一个潜在的杀手”,符合本文中心思想,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Thekilldeer,asmallbirdknownforitshigh-pitched(声调高的)call,couldleadtothecancellation(取消)ofoneofCanada'biggestmusicfestivals.
ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa'sBluesfest,anoutdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000peopleeachyear,camelastweekafterworkersatthesitefoundoneofthebirds.Ithadlaidfoureggsnearby,effectivelyclaimingthemainstageareaasitsnestingground."Thisisoneofthemostchallengingproblemswe'vebeenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanworkthroughthis,"saidMarkMonahan,executivedirectorofthefestival."Anythingthatchangestheschedulehasamajoreffect,sowe'retakingitveryseriously."
Thediscoverymeantthatgovernmentofficialsrushedtoprotectthenestandtheeggs,hiringasecurityguardtowatchoverthem24hoursaday.
Environmentalistswerealsobroughtin."Wedon'tknowwhentheeggsmighthatch,"saidMonahan.Whatisknownisthattheyoungkilldeerwilllikelyleavethenestsoonaftertheyarehatched,leadingmanytohopethattheeggshatchinthenextdayorso.
ThefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfromEnvironmentCanadatorelocate(搬迁)thenestsome50metersawayortakeittoawildlifecenter.Movingthenestwouldalsoensurethebirdanditsyoungwouldbeprotectedduringthefestival's11-dayrun,saidMonahan.It'shighlylikelythatthefestival'sthousandsofattendeeswouldcausehugeproblemsforthebirdanditseggs.Monahanwasconfidentthatthefestivalwouldgoonasplanned,however."Mostofthepeoplewe'reworkingwitharelookingforapositivesolution,"Monahansaid."Thereisnoonesayingthatthefestivalcan'tgoon."
Asnewsofthedilemmaspread,itleftresidentsdivided.Somesupportedthebird,sayingthatmovingthenestmightresultintheeggsbeingabandoned.Othersexpressedannoyancethatprotectingtheeggsofthesmallbird,whichiswidespreadacrossNorthAmerica,wasriskinganannualfestivalthatcontributesmillionsofdollarstothelocaleconomy.
Thekilldeer'stendencytobuilditsnestinopenfieldsorflatareashascausedissuesinotherareasoftheUS:
earlierthisyear,constructionofahealthcenterinWisconsinwastemporarilystoppedafterakilldeeranditsfoureggswerediscovered.
(1)WhatcanwelearnaboutBluesfest?
A.ItisthefirstmusicfestivalinCanada.
B.Itisanimportanteventformusiclovers.
C.Itisamusicfestivalheldeverytwoyears.
D.ItisachallengingoutdooractivityinOttawa.
(2)WhatwasespeciallychallengingforBluesfestthisyear?
A.Pressurefromthegovernment.
B.Disagreementswiththepublic.
C.Theneedtoprotectthebird'seggs.
D.Thelackofexperienceinhostingtheevent.
(3)Howdidthefestivalplantodealwiththeproblem?
A.Movethenesttoanotherplace.
B.Askgovernmentofficialsforhelp.
C.Seekadvicefromenvironmentalists.
D.Hiresecurityguardstoprotecttheeggs.
(4)Theunderlinedword"dilemma"isclosestinmeaningto"______".
A.adifficultsituation
B.anextremesituation
C.adangeroussituation
D.anencouragingsituation
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,对于音乐爱好者来说,非常重大的加拿大音乐事件Bluesfest,在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟,它在附近下了四个蛋,把主要舞台区域作为它的筑巢地,以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa'sBluesfest,anoutdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000peopleeachyear,camelastweekafterworkersatthesitefoundoneofthebirds.”可知渥太华的Bluesfest,是一个每年吸引约30万人参加的户外节日。
因此Bluesfest,对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Ithadlaidfoureggsnearby,effectivelyclaimingthemainstageareaasitsnestingground.”小水鸟在舞台附近下了4个蛋;和第四段中的“‘Thisisoneofthemostchallengingproblemswe'vebeenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanworkthroughthis,’saidMarkMonahan,executivedirectorofthefestival.”音乐节执行总监说:
“这是我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一,我觉得我们可以解决这个问题”。
得知保护鸟蛋是今年Bluesfest面临挑战的事情。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“ThefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfromEnvironmentCanadatorelocate(搬迁)thenestsome50metersawayortakeittoawildlifecenter.”可知现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可,将鸟巢迁移到50米外,或带到野生动物中心,可以得知为了解决这个问题,节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。
故选A。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的“Movingthenestwouldalsoensurethebirdanditsyoungwouldbeprotectedduringthefestival's11-dayrun,saidMonahan.It'shighlylikelythatthefestival'sthousandsofattendeeswouldcausehugeproblemsforthebirdanditseggs.”可知Monahan说,为期11天的节日活动中,移动鸟巢能确保鸟儿和其幼鸟得到保护。
但是极有可能,成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的问题。
可以推断出当时的处境困难,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Englandcontinuestobeoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsintheworld.Londoninparticularisoneofthemostvisitedcitiesanddrawspeopleinwithitsappeal,historyandpubs.England'ssmallercities,likeBathandOxford,areequallyasattractivewithalotofcultureandfewercrowds.Liverpool,birthplaceofTheBeatles,hasarichmusicalhistory.Thecountrysidehaswonderfulnaturalbeauty.HerearesometipsontravelinginEngland.
Freemuseums—PublicmuseumsofferfreeadmissionineverycitythroughoutEnglandandtheUK.It'sagreatwaytolearnaboutthecountry'smostinfluentialartistsandhistory,andspendarainydaywithoutpayingacent.
Bookearly—Bookalltransportationwellinadvance,evenifyoudon'tplantouseit.Farescanbearound£2withalittleplanning.
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