教学法12principles.ppt

教学法12principles.ppt

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Browns12PrinciplesofLanguageTeachingandLearningTeachingByPrinciplesLanguageTeachingrequiresconnectingTHEORYandPRACTICE.LanguageTeachingrequiresconnectingTHEORYandPRACTICE.TeachingByPrinciplesLanguageTeachingrequiresconnectingTHEORYandPRACTICE.Therearethreetypesofprinciples:

mentalandintellectualCognitiveEmotionalSocioaffectivelanguageLinguisticCognitivePrinciples1.AutomaticityStudentsabsorblanguageautomatically.Studentsmovetowardfluencyand“think”aboutlanguageless/morelessastheyprogress.ApplicationinteachingDontoverwhelmstudentswithlanguagerulesbalancerulesandpractice.CognitivePrinciples2.MeaningfulLearningRotelearninghaslittlechanceofcreatinglong-termretention.ApplicationinteachingAppealtostudentslanguageneedsandgoalslinknewknowledgetopreviousknowledgeavoidpitfallsofteachingforthetestCognitivePrinciples3.AnticipationofRewardReward=Better/poorerperformanceBetterperformanceApplicationinteachingUseverbalpraise,encouragement,compliments,enthusiasmremindstudentsoflong-termrewards.CognitivePrinciples4.IntrinsicMotivationThemostpowerfulrewardsarethosethatareintrinsicallymotivatedwithinthelearner.Whatismotivation?

Itistheextenttowhichyoumakechoicesabout（a）goalstopursueand（b）theeffortyouwilldevotetothatpursuitApplicationinteachingfosterfeelingofcompetenceandself-determinationLimitfocusongaininganawardoravoidingpunishment4.IntrinsicMotivationThemostpowerfulrewardsarethosethatareintrinsicallymotivatedwithinthelearner.Whatismotivation?

Itistheextenttowhichyoumakechoicesabout（a）goalstopursueand（b）theeffortyouwilldevotetothatpursuitApplicationinteachingfosterfeelingofcompetenceandself-determinationLimitfocusongaininganawardoravoidingpunishmentCognitivePrinciples5.StrategicInvestmentThemethodsthatlearnersusetointernalizeandtoperforminthelanguageareasimportantasmethodsoftheteacherormoresoApplicationinteachingHelpstudentsbecomeawareoftheirownlearningpreferencesandteachthemhowtobegoodlanguagelearners.CognitivePrinciples6.AutonomySuccessfullearnerstakecontroloftheirownlanguagelearningwiththeteacherasafacilitatororguide.teacher-dependentself-dependentSocioaffectivePrinciples7.LanguageEgoStudentsfeelawkwardinthelearningenvironmentandgoodteacherscompensate.ApplicationinteachingSupportyourstudents,choosetechniquesthatchallengebutdontoverwhelmmovefromteacher-controlledtostudent-controlledactivitiesgradually.SocioaffectivePrinciples8.WillingnesstoCommunicateStudentswhoareself-confidenttakerisksandaccomplishmore.ApplicationinteachingEncouragebothaccuracyandrisk-takingcarefullysequencetechniquestoensurelearnersuccess.SocioaffectivePrinciples9.Language-CultureConnectionSuccessfullylearningalanguagemeanslearningabouttheculture,too.ApplicationinteachingDiscusscross-culturaldifferencesandrespect.LinguisticPrinciples10.NativeLanguageEffectInbeginninglevels,manyerrorsarecausedbynativelanguageinterferenceNativelanguagecanalsofacilitatelearning.ApplicationinteachingPointoutcommonL1interferenceteachcognatesteachstudentstothinkdirectlyinthetargetlanguage.LinguisticPrinciples11.InterlanguageDoesJohncanplay?

Wegoedyesterday.Asstudentsacquirealanguage,interlanguageisdisplayed.Yourfeedbackhelpslearnersmovetowardstarget-languageaccuracy.ApplicationinteachingPointoutinterlanguageerrorsShowstudentsthattheseerrorsmeantheirbrainisin“languagelearningmode.”LinguisticPrinciples12.CommunicativeCompetenceBeingcompetentinthelanguagemeans:

OrganizationalCompetencePragmaticCompetenceStrategicCompetencePsychomotorSkillsCompetenceOrganizationalCompetencePragmaticCompetenceStrategicCompetencePsychomotorSkillsCompetence12PrinciplesofLanguageTeachingAutomaticityMeaningfulLearningAnticipationofRewardIntrinsicMotivationStrategicInvestmentAutonomyLanguageEgoWillingnesstoCommunicateLanguage-CultureConnectionNativeLanguageEffectInterlanguageCommunicativeCompetenceAutomaticityMeaningfulLearningAnticipationofRewardIntrinsicMotivationStrategicInvestmentAutonomyLanguageEgoWillingnesstoCommunicateLanguage-CultureConnectionNativeLanguageEffectInterlanguageCommunicativeCompetence