英美文学.docx
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英美文学.docx
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英美文学
Englishliterature
前言:
配合该笔记,看看选读的文章,有个大概的印象就行了。
学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。
本人判断力不错,但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍,考了68分。
如果能记下要点,应该会考得更好。
这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。
IOldEnglishLiterature----(450—1066)
twogroups:
religious–-onbiblicalthemes----
Secular----heroicage----
IIMedievalperiod---(1066---14thCentury)
Fame:
1066Normanconquest----threechanges—feudalismsystemestablished(politically)
---CatholicChurch(Religiously)
---French,Latin,English(co-existedlanguage)
IncomparisonwitholdEnglishliterature:
(1)widerrangeofsubjects
(2)themesconcernedwiththepersonalsalvation(3)romancelove(4)thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward‘Theepicreflectsaheroicage,theromancereflectsachivalricone’骑士
Chaucer:
1titles:
theEnglishHomer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry(from
2verse:
3.novel:
IIIRenaissance(14th—17th)
Fame:
①movefromfeudalistideastotheinterestofrisingbourgeoisie.
②recoverfromcorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurchtothepurityoftheearthlychurch.
England:
thereignofHenryVIII-----England‘sGoldenAgeinliterature
----BiblesinEnglishinsteadofLatinreadableforcommonpeople
--------literarygiants:
Shakespeare,Spenser,JonsonSidney,Marlowe,Bacon,andDonne
ThetimeofTudos----changemonasteries修道院intoschoolsanduniversities------theEnglishRenaissanceflourishing
-------firstintroducedprintingintoEnglandandtranslatedbooksinEnglish(byWilliamCaxton)
Traitsofhumanisticpoetry:
meter,rhyme,scheme,imageryandargumentshouldbecombinedtoframetheemotionaltheme.Poetrywastobeaconcentratedexerciseofthemind,ifcraftsmanshipandoflearning.
Themostfamousdramatists:
Shakesperar,BenJonson,andMarlowe
Writers:
Wyatt(introducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland)
Surrey(broughtinblankverse)
Sidney(broughtinsestinaandterzarima)
Marlowe(broughtmightylinestotheblankverse)
Spenser(pastoralconvention)
JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert(metaphysicalpoets)
FrancisBacon(thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland)
IEdmundSpensor
Fame:
SpenserianStanza,thepoet’spoet(他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”,他被称为“诗人中之诗人”)
选读
contains12books,speaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,eachofwhichtellsaknight.Arthur—theherosofheros---playsaroleineachofthe12majoradventures,serveasaunifyingelement.Thethemeis‘FierceWaresandfaithfulloves’.
TheknightheresymbolizedtheChurch(Anglican),istheprotectorofUna(theVirgin).Unastandsforthetruereligion.
QualitiesofSpensor’spoetry:
1.aperfectmelody(musicsense)2.araresenseofbeauty3.asplendidimagination4.aloftymoralpurityandseriousness.5.adedicatedidealism
II.ChristopherMarlowe
Fame:
beregardedas‘UniversityWits’.Perfectedtheblankverse,broughtstrongemotionintotheblankverse.HecreatedtheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition.(buthisverseisnotstrongindramaticconstructionandwomen‘scharactersareratherpale)
Plays:
选读
affectionforhislove.)
Poetry:
III.WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)
Background:
frommerchant’sfamily.父亲是个当地镇里的多面手,有点名气。
他的戏剧分早期、中期,中晚期和晚期。
(I,II,III,IV).他的作品很多,影响很大。
T:
I.Fivehistoryplaysandfourcomedies.
历史剧‘HenryVI,PartsI,II’(Itrevealsatroubledreigninthe15thcentury,ShakespearesmountedoverthelossofEnglishterritoriesinFrance.HecondemnstheWaroftheRoses,inwhichinnocentpeoplewerekilled)
II.Fivehistoryplays,sixcomediesandtwotragedies
喜剧:
悲剧:
III.Hisgreatestfourtragedies(eachofthecharacters’sfatesiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Eachofthemhashisweaknessofnature.)
选读
twodarkcomedies(
IV.Romantictragicomedies:
Twofinalplays:
HenryVIII,TheTwoNobleKinsmen.
Poems
longnarrativepoems:
Sequenceof154sonnets:
选读
艺术特征
人物塑造
1.Heemployssoliloquies独白inhisplaystofullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters.
2.Heportrayshischaractersinpairs(可能指情侣).
3.Hischaractersareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.
情节结构
1.Headoptedplotsfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks
2.Inordertomaketheplaymorelively,hewouldshortenthetimeandintensifythestory.
3.Thereareusuallyseveralthreadsrunningthroughtheplay(,thusprovidingthestorywithsuspenseandapprehension)
语言风格
1.irony2.Disguise3.vocabulary(Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom,hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.)
Conscience(顾虑)doesmakescowardsofusall.(心有顾虑使人畏手畏脚,优柔寡断----Hamlet)
IV.FrancisBacon(1561--1626)
Fame:
Aprose,laysthefoundationformodernscience.
Hisworkscanbedividedintothreegroups
1.
historytoman’smemory;poetrytoman’simaginationandcreation;philosophytoman’sreason.
2.
3选读
“Thegeneralcounsels,theplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned”---
V.JohnDonne(1572—1631)
Life:
“Metaphysicalschool”,Herbert,Vaughan,Crashaw,MarvellandCowleyarealsoconsideredtobemetaphysicalpoets.商人之家,想当牧师,牛津剑桥大学肆业生,十年地下婚姻使他穷困潦倒,但是他对妻子很忠诚。
。
天主教改信英国国教,当牧师尽职尽力,洞察力深邃。
早期写爱情诗,晚期写宗教诗。
他认为爱的本质是身体和灵魂的结合。
Works:
选读Lovepoems
Religiouspoems:
Sermons(散文形式的传道书)
选读
VIJohnMilton
Life:
商人后代,剑桥大学,有过旅欧经历,喜欢史诗,后来眼睛瞎了。
thegreatestprosewriterofhisage.
Fame:
Works:
早期诗歌:
Thepoembeginswithgriefandafeelingofimmaturity.Theemotionmovesfromsadnesstoacceptanceintheend.
中期散文:
晚期史诗:
选读
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