中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料教材.docx
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中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料教材.docx
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中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料教材
TheFiveSenses
视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉,即五官感觉。
我们通过它们感知外界物体,获取与机体生存紧密相关的重要信息,从而对所处环境作出分析判断。
五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。
Sportinjuries
肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分,我们要小心保护,防止肌肉受伤。
·Warm-up
Doyouknowanykindofsportinjuries?
Haveyousufferedfromanyofthem?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Whataresprainsandfractures?
ContentVocabulary
1.sprainn.apainfulinjurytoajointcausedbyasuddenwrenchingofitsligaments扭伤
2.breakn.theplacewhereaboneinyourbodyhasbroken破裂
3.ligamentn.abandofstrongmaterialinyourbody+similartomuscle,thatjoinsbonesorholdsanorganinitsplace韧带
4.fracturen.acrackorbrokenpartinaboneorotherhardsubstance断裂
5.swellv.tobecomelargerandrounderthannormal肿胀
Sprainsoccurwhenamuscleispulledtoofar.Theresultcanbeabreakoratearofaligament.Sprainscansometimeshappenastheresultofaninjury,suchasafall.
Sprainscanalsohappenwhenyoudonotwarmupyourmusclesbeforeyouexercise.
Abrokenboneoftenoccursastheresultofanaccident.Abrokenboneiscalledafracture.Howcanyoutellifaboneisbroken?
Thepainintheareaisverystrong.Youcannotmovethepartthatisbroken.Thepartthatisbrokenbeginstoswellorgrowbigger.
Inmostcases,youshouldnotmovebecauseabonemaybebrokenGetsomeone'shelptocallanambulanceimmediately.
Youwillbetakentoahospitalnearbytocheckwhetherornotyouhaveabrokenbone.Tocheckthis,youwillnormallygetanX-ray.AnX-rayisablackandwhitepictureofthebonestakenwithaspecialmachine.Itletsadoctorseeifaboneisbroken.(178words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensprainsandfractures?
2.Howcanadoctortellwhetherthere'sabrokenboneornot?
3.Whatshouldyoudoifasprainoccurs?
4.Whichonedoyouthinkismoreserious,asprainorabrokenbone?
Measuringspeed
优异的骨骼结构和强健的肌肉使人和动物在运动时拥有较高的速度,下面的文章会告诉你什么动物运动速度最快。
·Warm-up
Doyounoticethatsomeanimalsmovefasterthanothers?
Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhytheycanmovefaster?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Howdoyoudefinetheword"fast"?
ContentVocabulary
1.distancen.theamountofspacebetweentwoplacesorthings距离
2.motorn.thebasicunitformeasuringlength米
3.kilometern.aunitformeasuringdistance,equalto1,000meters公里
4.athleten.someonewhocompetesinsportscompetitions,especiallyrunning,
jumping,andthrowing运动员
5.comparev.toexamineandnotethesimilaritiesordifferencesof比较
Themovementsofourbodieshelpustogofromoneplacetoanother.Forexample,whenyougotoschool,youcanwalk,run,rideabike,orrideinacarorabus.Youmustcoveracertaindistance.Distanceistheamountofspacebetweentwoplaces.
Didyouknowthatthedistancefromoneplacetoanothercanbemeasuredinmeters?
Butifyouneedtomeasuredistancesthatarelongerthan1,000meters,thenitisusualtomeasuretheminkilometers.
Sometimeswemeasurethetimeittakestotravelacertaindistance.Thisiscalledspeed.Speedismeasuredinhours,minutes,andseconds.
Whenanathletecoversadistanceof100metersintenseconds,weknowthattheathletecanrunveryfast.Ittakesanaveragepersonaroundtwentysecondstorun100meters.Theathleterunsthedistancemuchfasterthantheaverageperson.Howfastcanyourun100meters?
Whicharethefastestanimals?
Animalsmoveatdifferentspeeds.Someanimalsmovefasterthanothers.Compareshowfastorslowdifferentanimalsmove.
Whichathletesarethefastest?
Athletesspendmanyhoursintrainingandpracticeindifferentsports.Coachesteachathleteshowtoimprovetheirspeedandstrength.Asaresult,athletesdevelopstrongbodiesandmuscles.
Someathletesmoveveryfast.Theytakepartinracestoseewhoisthefastestatcertainsports.TheOlympicGamesisthelargestsportscompetitionintheworld.(254words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Howcanwecalculateamovingobject'sspeed?
2.Whatunitsofmeasurementdopeopleusetomeasuredistance?
3.Whatunitsofmeasurementdopeopleusetomeasurespeed?
4.Whydoathleteshavetospendmanyhoursintrainingandpracticeindifferentsports?
5.Pleasenameatleast3Olympicssportswhereathletestakepartintocompeteforspeed.
Thelocomotivesystem
人体有着复杂的组织结构,正因为这样,我们能够行走、奔跑、跳跃。
下面让我们一起来探索其中的奥妙吧!
·Warm-up
Howmuchdoyouknowaboutyourbody?
Doyouknowwhat'shappeninginyourbodywhenyou'rewalking,jumpingandrunning?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Whatexactlyisthelocomotivesystem?
ContentVocabulary
1.locomotivesystemasystemrelatedtomovement运动系统
2.voluntaryadj.voluntarymovementsofyourbodyarecontrolledbyyourconsciousmind
自发的
3.involuntaryadjaninvoluntarymovement,sound,reactionetcisonethatyoumakesuddenlyandwithoutintendingtobecauseyoucannotcontrolyourself无意识的
4.digestivesystemasystemconnectedwiththeprocessofdigestion消化系统
5.fibern.thethinpiecesoffleshthatformthenervesormusclesinyourbody纤维
6.jointn.apartofyourbodythatcanbendbecausetwobonesmeetthere关节
Wehavelearnedhowreceptorsonoursenseorganssendmessagestothebrain,whichthenrespondstothesignals.Theresponsefromthebraincanbeamovementofthebody.
Mostofthemovementsofourbodiesoccurbecausewewantthemtohappen.Thesearecalledvoluntarymovements.Ifwewanttokickaball,wehavetothinkaboutdoingit.Ourbrainreceivesthemessage,andimmediatelyourfootkickstheball.
Othermovementsarecalledinvoluntary3movements.Certainmusclesinourbodiesworkwithoutushavingtothinkaboutthem.Forexample,themusclesthatmovefoodthroughourdigestivesystem4areinvoluntary.Theyworkevenwhilewearesleeping.
Bonesandmuscles
Bonesmakeuptheskeletonandsupportthebody.Butbonesdonotmoveontheirown.Theyneedmusclestomove.Musclesmoveeverypartofthebody,suchasthehead,fingers,legs,andtoes,andevenoureyesandtongue.
Musclesaremadeoutofmanystretchy,elasticcellsandfibers.Musclesfunctionlikerubberbandsthatstretchandrelaxinthebody.
Musclesworkinpairs.Onemusclepullstheboneforward,andanothermusclepullstheboneback.Whenonemuscleisworking(contracting),theothermuscleisrelaxing.Yourmusclepairsworktogethertomove.
Theplacewhereonebonejoinsanotheriscalledajoint6.Jointsallowmovementandgivetheskeletonitsabilitytobend,twist,andturn.
Tissuescalledligamentsholdbonestogetheratjoints.Bones,muscles,andligamentsmakeupthelocomotivesystem.Thissystemgivesthebodyitsformandallowsittomove.(274words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
l.What'sthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarymovements?
2.Pleasegive3moreexamplesofinvoluntarymovements.
3.Howdothemuscleshelpyoutomove?
4.What'sajoint?
Pleasegiveanexample.
5.Therearemanyathleteswhosufferfromligamentinjuriesandcannottakepartincompetitionsanymore.Whatwillhappenifthereisabrokenligament?
Theearandthehearing
听觉是仅次于视觉的重要感官通道,它在人的生活中起着重要作用。
·Warm-up
Wehearalotofsoundseveryday.Haveyoueverwonderedhowwecanhearsounds?
What'sthenatureofsounds?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Howdovibrationshelptocarrysounds?
ContentVocabulary
1.vibrationn.acontinuousslightshakingmovement振动
2.mediumn.asubstancethroughwhichaforcetravels介质
3.eardrumn.atightthinpieceofskinovertheinsideofyourearwhichallowsyoutohear
sound耳膜
4.ossiclen.asmallbone,especiallyoneofthoseinthemiddleear
5.cochlean.apartoftheinnerear耳蜗
Wehearmanydifferentsoundsinoureverydaylife.Wehearthewindblowingthroughthetrees,rainhittingourroofs,peopletalking,babiescrying,carsmoving,andbirdssinging,amongmanyothersounds.
Whatmakessound?
Amovementisneededtoproduceasound.Thismovementiscalledavibration.
Whenaguitarstringispulled,thestringbeginstovibrate.Thismeansitmovesquicklybackandforth.Thisvibrationcreatestheguitarsoundthatwehear.Thevibrationpassesthroughtheairuntilitreachesthereceptorsinourears.
Thevibratingobjectisthesourcethatemitssound.Airisoneexampleofamediumthroughwhichsoundcantravel.
Soundcantravelthroughdifferentmedia.Itcantravelthroughasolid,aliquid,andagas.Soundtravelsmorequicklythroughsolidsandliquidsthangas.
Howdowehear?
Wehearsoundsthroughourears,whichareoursoundreceptors.Ourearsaredividedintothreeparts:
theouterear,themiddleear,andtheinnerear.
Soundsthattravelthroughtheairenterourouterear.Theouterearcatchesthesoundandmovesittotheeardrum3.Theeardrumisaverythinmembranethatcoversthemiddlepartoftheear.Whensoundhitstheeardrum,itbeginstovibrate.Thevibrationsreachthreetinybonescalledossicles4,whichthenbegintovibrate.Fromthesebones,thesoundreachesthecochlea,whichisfilledwithliquid.Theliquidbeginstovibrateintheinnerear.Itisthisliquidthatcarriessoundtoaspecialnervethattransportsmessagestothebrain.Yourbrainthenhelpsyouunderstandthesoundyouhear.
Soundsareusefulinhelpingusbecomeawareofthingsaroundus.Forexample,aschoolbelltellsusthatschoolisstarting.Afirealarmwarnsusofafire.(312words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Pleasegive3moreexamplesofhowsoundshelppeoplebecomeawareofthingsaround.
2.Howmanyobjectsaretherevibratingbeforewehearth
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