现在完成时态.docx
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现在完成时态.docx
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现在完成时态
时态之现在完成时态
自我测试
1.Weeach______WeChatnowadays,eventheoldpeople.
A.playB.playsC.playing
2.Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearth_____thesun.
A.wentaroundB.goesaround
C.isgoingaroundD.wasgoingaround
3.---Willyoupleasetellheraboutthenews?
---Sure,I’lltellheraboutitassoonasshe_____back.
A.comeB.willcomeC.cameD.comes
4.LastweekVivian_____adressforhermotherwithherfirstsalary.
A.buyB.boughtC.willbuyD.wouldbuy
5.---Irememberthere_____alotoffishinYanglanLake.Nowithasbeenpolluted.
---Whatapity!
Ithinkweshouldplayaroleinprotectingtheenvironment.
A.areusedtohaveB.areusedtobe
C.usedtohaveD.usedtobe
6.---Don’tseethesign“NoParking!
”ontheright?
---Sorry,I_____.ButnowIknowparkinghereisnotright.
A.don’tB.didn’tC.hadn’tD.doesn’t
7.---Howlong_____you_____LittleWomen?
---Iamduetoreturnitintwoweeks.
A.have;borrowedB.will;lendC.will;keepD.have;got
8.There______afootballgameinourcitynextweek.
A.willhaveB.willbe
C.isgoingtohaveD.isgoingtobe
9.We_____forapicnicifit_____rainthisSunday.
A.willgo;doesn’tB.willgo;won’tgoC.go;doesn’t
10.Look!
Adog_____ablindmanacrosstheroad.
A.leadsB.leadC.isleadingD.led
11.---MayIspeaktoMrs.Black?
---Sorry,mumcan’tcometothephonenow.She_____ashower.
A.hasB.hadC.ishavingD.washaving
12.Mymother______dinnerwhenIgothomeyesterday.
A.hascookedB.wascookingC.willcookD.cooks
13.---Couldyoutellmewhereyou_____MissGaojustnow?
---Certainly.Intheprincipal’soffice.They____happilyatthattime.
A.find;aretalkingB.werefinding;weretalkingC.found;weretalking
14.---_____youever_____HanHongsinglive?
---Ofcourse.Acoupleoftimesindifferentcities.
A.Have,seenB.Did,seeC.Do,seeD.Are,seeing
15.Thismedicine_____millionsofpeople’slivessinceitwasputintouse.
A.issavingB.willsaveC.hassavedD.hadsaved
16.Themovie_____forabout5minutes,solet’sseethenextone.
A.hasbeenonB.hasstartedC.startedD.began
知识梳理
动
词
的
时
态
一般现在时
主语+动词原形
主语+动词第三人称单数
一般过去时
主语+动词过去式
一般将来时
主语+begoingtodo
主语+will/shalldo
现在进行时
主语+bedoing
过去进行时
主语+was/weredoing
现在完成时
主语+have/hasdone
过去完成时
主语+haddone
过去将来时
主语+was/weregoingtodo
主语+would/shoulddo
考点归纳:
1.根据时间状语、上下文语境等确定时态
2.在复合句中的时态呼应
3.havebeento与havegoneto的用法区别
【考点1】现在完成时的结构
肯定句
主语+have/has+过去分词(done)+其他.
Hehasjustcopiedallthenewwords.
We'vejustcleanedtheclassroom.
否定句
主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
Shehasn'ttravelledonatrain.
一般疑问句
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:
Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:
No,主语+haven't/hasn't.
No,notyet./No,never.
---Haveyouevermadedumplings?
---Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
---Hassheeverbeenabroad?
---No,never.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
---HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?
---IhavelivedinBeijingfortenyears.
【注:
动词的过去分词构成规则】
规则变化
1大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed
2
cleancleanedhelphelped
3以不发音的e结尾的,直接加-d
4
likelikedlivelived
5以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加ed
6
trytriedstudystudied
7重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的,需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.
8
planplannedstopstopped
referreferredpreferpreferred
例题1:
()It’snicetoseeyouagain.Weeachothersince2014.
A.won’tseeB.don’tseeC.haven’tseenD.didn’tsee
例题2:
()---_____youever_____HanHongsinglive?
---Ofcourse.Acoupleoftimesindifferentcities.
A.Have,seenB.Did,seeC.Do,seeD.Are,seeing
【考点2】现在完成时的用法和标志
用法
1.表示过去的动作一直持续的现在,而且还可能继续下去。
谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
2.过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。
图示
时间状语
1)since+时间点
2)for+时间段
3)“到目前为止…”:
untilnow,upuntilnow,uptonow,uptillnow,sofar…
4)“在最近几世纪/年/月以来…”:
in/overthepastfewyears,forthelastfewcenturies,throughouthistory,throughcenturies…
5)次数:
once;twice;threetimes等
时间副词:
already(已经)
yet(还、已经)
just(刚刚、仅仅)
ever(曾经)
never(从不)
before(以前)等
例句
Ihavelivedherefor3years.
TheteacherhastaughtinthisschoolsinceIcamehere.
I'vealreadyreadthisbook.
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
)
Thewomanhasn'tfoundherdogyet.
(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响。
)
例题1:
()ItseemsthatElNino______somedisastersintheworldinthepastfewmonths.
A.hascausedB.iscausingC.willcauseD.caused
例题2:
()Thismedicine_____millionsofpeople’slivessinceitwasputintouse.
A.issavingB.willsaveC.hassavedD.hadsaved
例题3:
()---Areyougoingtowatch“RunningMan”tonight?
---No!
I_____itwithmyparentsonlyonce.Idon’tthinkit’sexciting.
A.seeB.haveseenC.willseeD.amseeing
【注1:
already;yet;just;ever;never;before的用法】
词义
适用的句式结构
位置
例句
already
已经
肯定句
可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末
I'vealreadyreadthisbook.
I'vewashedmyclothesalready.
yet
已经;还
疑问句或否定句
常放在句末
Hashefoundhiswatchyet?
Thewomanhasn'tfoundherdogyet?
just
刚刚
不受句型的限制
常放在助动词与过去分词之间
Hehasjustcomebackfromschool.
ever
曾经
疑问句或否定句
放在助动词与过去分词之间
HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong.
Ihaven'teverspokentoher.
never
从来没有
否定句
常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间)
Ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore.
before
以前
不受句型的限制
总是放在句末
HaveyoubeentoHainanbefore?
Ihaven'teatenGuangdongfoodbefore.
【注2:
since和for的用法】
for+一段时间
ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.
since+过去某一时间点的词组或一般过去式的句子
或itis/was+一段时间+since+句子“自从…有多久了”
Haveyoustayedheresince3o’clock?
HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.
ItisthreeyearssinceheleftBeijing.
都可用howlong来提问
HowlonghasshelearnedEnglish?
HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?
例题1:
用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth
4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
10)______shelefthere
例题2:
用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空
1) Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.
2) Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.
3) Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.
4) “Haveyou________seenthefilm?
”“No,Ihave________seenit.”
5) “Hasthebusleft_______?
”“Yes,ithas_________left.”
【考点3】现在完成时中的延续性动词与非延续性动词
试比较,判断下列句子的正误。
翻译:
他入团两年了。
【误】HehasjoinedtheLeaguefortwoyears.
【正】HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.
动词按其动作发生的方式,发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历,如:
learn;sleep;keep;live等
可以与for和since引导的时间状语连用
Hehaslivedherefor6years.
非延续性动词
也叫短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,如:
open;begin;finish;come;go;borrow等
不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用
Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork.
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换
1.转化为相应的延续性动词
borrow→keep
buy→have
puton→wear
gettoknow→know
gettosleep→sleep
catchacold→haveacold
2.转化为be+形容词/副词/介词/名词
begin/start→beon
goout→beout
die→bedead
open→beopen
getto/arrivein/reach→bein+地点
come/go→be+相应的介词短语
finish→beover
fallill→beill
getup→beup
fallasleep→beasleep
join→bein+活动/组织
gotoschool→beinschool
become→be
makefriends→befriends
close→beclosed
gotobed→beinbed
leave→beaway(from)
如:
下面是句子的同义句转换(将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时)
Theoldmandiedfouryearsago.(一般过去时)
Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfouryears.(现在完成时,将die变为bedead)
Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefouryearsago.(现在完成时,since跟过去的时间点)
例题1:
同义句转换
1)LiLeijoinedthePartythreeyearsago.
LiLeithePartythreeyears.
LiLeithePartythreeyearsago.
2)MyfatherleftGuizhoulastweek.
MyfatherGuizhouaweek.
MyfatherGuizhoulastweek.
3)Thefactoryopenedin1996.
Thefactorytenyears.
Thefactorysince1996.
4)Mr.WangreachedBeijingfivedaysago.
Mr.WangBeijingfivedaysago.
Mr.WangBeijingfivedays.
5)Thefilmbegantenminutesago.
Thefilmfor.
Thefilmsince
例题2:
()WilliamShakespeare______for400years,buthisworksstillhavegreatinfluencetoday.
A.diedB.wasdyingC.hasdiedD.hasbeendead
例题3:
()I_____myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit.
A.wentawayfromB.havebeenawayfromC.haveleft
例题4:
()---Whatanicewatch!
Howlong_____you____it?
---Forjusttwoweeks.
A.will,buyB.have,hadC.were,havingD.did,buy
例题5:
()---Lookatthesestamps.I_____themforfiveyears.
---Wow,theyarefantastic.
A.havekeptB.haveboughtC.borrowedD.kept
例题6:
()---Isthatanewcoat?
---No,I_____itforalongtime.
A.boughtB.haveboughtC.havehad
例题7:
()Themovie_____forabout5minutes,solet’sseethenextone.
A.hasbeenonB.hasstartedC.startedD.began
例题8:
()Yangjiang,afamousfemalewriter,______foraboutamonthsofar.
A.diedB.hasbeendeadC.hasbeendied
【考点4】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果;而一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关
--IwanttoseethefilmDoraemontonight,willyougowithme?
--I’dliketo,butIhaveseenitwithmymother.
--Well,ok.Whendidyouseeit?
--Isawthefilmlastweekend.
2.现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,如:
for,since,sofar,ever,never,recently,yet,just,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears…或无时间状语
一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,lastweek,…ago,inJune,in1980,justnow…
Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.
Isawthefilmlastweek.
例题1:
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1)---_____you________(clean)theroom?
---Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.
---When_______you______(do)it?
---We_______(do)itan
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