最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx
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最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•浙江)阅读理解
Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).
Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
(1)Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.
B. TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.
C. ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.
D. TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.
(2)Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?
A. Ecologicalstudiesofforests.
B. Banningwoodcutting.
C. Limitinghousingdevelopment.
D. Firecontrolmeasures.
(3)WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?
A. Inadequatesnowmelt.
B. Alongerdryseason.
C. Awarmerclimate.
D. Dampnessoftheair.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. California'sForests:
WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?
B. CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.
C. WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?
D. PatrickMclntyre:
GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探讨出现这一现象的原因。
(1)段落大意题。
第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句,意思是:
在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。
所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。
(2)细节理解题。
题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。
根据第三段描述:
伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。
控制野火的初衷是保护森林,但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。
故答案为D。
(3)细节理解题。
将watershortage 定位在第五段,而Mclntyre在最后一段,根据 thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知,导致水源紧张的是上升的温度,造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。
故答案为C。
(4)主旨大意题。
文章的第一句是本文的主题句,文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开,对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。
故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章,文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。
阅读是紧扣主旨,快速浏览文章内容。
答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位,然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
2.(2019•天津)阅读理解
WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?
Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.
Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:
whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?
We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.
Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.
Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.
Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.
Manyofusequate(视……等同于)"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.
(1)ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.
A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity
B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal
C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate
D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?
A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty. B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.
C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.
D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.
(3)WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?
A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.
B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.
C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.
D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.
(4)WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?
A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.
B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.
C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.
D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.
(5)Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.
B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.
C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.
D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)D
(5)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义。
(1)考查推理判断。
第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸,负债累累,因为战争受伤左手残疾,同时还身陷囹圄,在53岁的时候决定写书,最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》,根据后文可知,所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功,年龄也是如此,故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知,作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人,而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人,故可知runoutofsteam可知,停止学习,故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知,我们失去了好奇感,但是如果我们愿意学习,机会无处不在,故可知,机会总是留给那些好奇心的人,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知,我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情,学会避免自怜,也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人,有些人是无法喜欢我们的,这个观点起初让我们苦恼,但是之后会让我们释怀,故可知,本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活,故选D。
(5)考查主旨大意。
本文讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义,故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Positivethinkingisasignificantelementofhappiness.Inordertobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthingtoknowaboutpositivethinkingisthateveryonecandoit. Withcertaincognitive(认知的)andbehavioralchanges,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative-itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.
Insteadofselectivelyattendingtonegativeevents,focusonthepositiveones.Thenpayattentiontothedelayedconsequencesofyourbehaviorratherthantheimmediateones.Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.
Challengeanyinternalattributionsandseeifyoucompareyourbehaviortostandardsthatareexcessivelyrigidandperfectionistic.Ifso,changetheseandbereasonablewithyourcomparisons.Forexample,ifyouconstantlycompareyourweaknesseswithotherpeople'sstrengths,thenswitchthisandcompareyourselfwiththosewhoaredoingpoorerthanyouaswell.Overall,peoplewhofocusmoreontheirstrengthsthantheirweaknessesbutatthesametimeareawareoftheirweaknesseshaveahealthierself-evaluationresult.
Whenfacedwithtoomuchfear
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