新编跨文化交际英语教程.docx
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新编跨文化交际英语教程.docx
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新编跨文化交际英语教程
Unit2
CultureandCommunication
ReadingII
ElementsofCommunication
Comprehensionquestions
1.Whataretheaspectsofcontextmentionedabove?
Oneaspectofcontextisthephysicalsetting,includinglocation,time,light,temperature,
distancebetweencommunicators,andanyseatingarrangements.Asecondaspectofcontextis
historical.Athirdaspectofcontextispsychological.Afourthaspectofcontextisculture.
2.Inwhatwayswouldyourposture,mannerofspeakingorattirechangeifyoumovefromone
physicalsettingtoanother,forexample,fromyourhometoapark,toaclassroom,toarestaurant,
toafuneralhouse,etc?
One‘sposture,mannerofspeakingorattirechangefrombeingcasualtoformalgraduallyfrom
hometoapark,toaclassroom,toarestaurant,toafuneralhouse,etc,accordingtodifferent
formalnessandseriousnessofthesesituations.
3.Howdopeopleacquirecommunicationnormsintheirlife?
Peopleacquirecommunicationnormsfromtheirexperiencesinlife.
4.WhatexamplescanyougivetodescribesomeChinesenormsinoureverydaycommunication?
Forexample,itseemstobeanorminChinatoaddressone‘sbossbyhisorhertitleandnever
toexpressone‘sdisapprovaldirectlytohimorher.
5.Howcanweplayboththerolesofsenderandreceiverincommunication?
Assenders,weformmessagesandattempttocommunicatethemtoothersthroughverbaland
nonverbalsymbols.Asreceivers,weprocessthemessagessenttousandreacttothembothverbally
andnonverbally.
6.Doesthesenderplaysamoreimportantrolethanthereceiverincommunication?
No,theyareequallyimportantforbothofthemareessentialintheprocessofcommunication.
7.Inwhatwaysdothedifferencesbetweenparticipantsmakecommunicationmoreorlessdifficult?
Threeespeciallyimportantvariablesaffectingparticipantswhicharerelationship,gender,and
culturemakecommunicationmoreorlessdifficult.
8.Whatisasymbolandwhatisameaning?
Thepureideasandfeelingsthatexistinaperson‘smindrepresentmeanings.Thewords,
sounds,andactionsthatcommunicatemeaningareknownassymbolsbecausetheystandforthe
meaningsintendedbythepersonusingthem.
9.Howcanmeaningsbetransferredfromonepersontoanother?
Whatproblemsmayariseinthis
process?
Amessagefromonepersonisencodedintosymbolsandthendecodedintoideasandfeelingsto
anotherperson.Inthisprocessoftransformingincludenonverbalcues,whichsignificantlyaffectthe
meaningcreatedbetweentheparticipantsinacommunicationtransaction.
10.Whenareunintendedorconflictedmeaningslikelytobecreated?
Unintendedmeaningsarecreatedwhenthedecodingpersonreceivesameaningunrelatedto
whattheencoderthoughtheorshewascommunicating.Conflictingmeaningsarecreatedwhenthe
verbalsymbolsarecontradictedbythenonverbalcues.
11.Whichchannelsdoyouusuallypreferincommunication?
Why?
Ofthefivechannels,somemayprefersight.Astheoldsayinggoes,wordsarebutwind,but
seeingisbelieving.
12.Whatexamplescanyoufindtoshowthatonechannelismoreeffectivethanothersfor
transmittingcertainmessages?
Forexample,whenaskingaladyforadate,ayoungmanmaywearanimmaculatesuitand
spraysomeperfumetoshowthathehighlyvaluesthisdatewithher.Inthiscase,sightandsmellare
definitelymoreeffectivethanwordsforconveyingthatparticularmessage.
13.Whatarethethingsthatcancreatenoisesintheprocessofcommunication?
Sights,sounds,andotherstimuliintheenvironmentthatdrawpeople‘sattentionawayfrom
intendedmeaningareknownasexternalnoise.Thoughtsandfeelingsthatinterferewiththe
communicationprocessareknownasinternalnoise.Unintendedmeaningsarousedbycertainverbal
symbolscaninhibittheaccuracyofdecoding.Thisisknownassemanticnoise.
14.Whatshouldwedotoreducetheinterferenceofnoiseincommunication?
Whencommunicatingwithothers,weshouldpayundividedattentiontocommunicationitself,
avoidingbeingdistractedbyanyexternalorinternalnoise.Besides,weshouldmakesurethatwhat
wesayiscorrectlyunderstoodbyothersandviceversatopreventsemanticnoisefromgenerating.
15.Whyisfeedbackaveryimportantelementofcommunication?
Feedbackisveryimportantbecauseitservesusefulfunctionsforbothsendersandreceivers:
it
providessenderswiththeopportunitytomeasurehowtheyarecomingacross,anditprovides
receiverswiththeopportunitytoexertsomeinfluenceoverthecommunicationprocess.
16.Whatwillyouusuallydowhenyoureceivenegativefeedbackincommunication?
Open.
CaseStudy
Case5
InChina,itisoftennotpolitetoacceptafirstofferandHepingwasbeingmodest,politeand
well-behavedandhadeveryintentionofacceptingthebeeratthesec
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