浙江大学植物生理学要点.docx
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浙江大学植物生理学要点.docx
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浙江大学植物生理学要点
Chapter1WaterRelationshipinPlant
一、Termtranslationanddefinition:
1.Waterpotential(Ψw)水势
每偏摩尔体积水的化学势差。
Waterpotentialisdefinedasthedifferenceinfreeenergyperunitvolume,betweenmetrically-bound,pressurized,orosmotically-constrainedwaterandpurewater.
2.Apoplastandsymplast质外体和共质体
Apoplast:
Acontinuoussystemconsistsofcellwall,cellspace(interplace)andvesselofxylem,exceptprotoplast,consideredasanon-lifepartintheplant.
Symplast:
Acontinuoussystemconsistsofprotoplast,plasmodesmaandplasmicmembrane,consideredasalifepartexceptapolast.
3.Freewaterandboundwater自由水和束缚水
Freewater:
Itdoesnotbindtocomponentsofcelltightlyandmovesfreelyintheplant.Specialcharacters:
participateinmetabolism,takeassolventandeasilyfreeze。
boundwater:
Itbindstocomponentsofcelltightlyanddoesnotmovefreelyintheplant.Specialcharacters:
donotparticipateinmetabolism,donottakeassolventanddonoteasilyfreeze。
4.Bleedingandguttation伤流和吐水
Bleeding:
aphenomenathatthesapflowsoutfromthewoundedpart.Itiscausedbyrootpressure.
Guttation:
whensoilhasenoughwaterandatmosphereiswarmandhigherrelativehumidity(RH),oftenintheearlymourning,unwoundedleafcansecretsapfromtipormarginofleaf.Itisanindexforhealthseedlings.
5.Rootpressure根压
Rootpressureisapowerwhichpushedwatertomountalongvessel,dependingonphysiologicalactivityofroot.
6.Soilavailablewater土壤可利用水分
Itisreferredasthewaterthatcandirectlybetakenupandutilizedbyplants,whosewatercontentishigherthanwiltingcoefficientinthesoil.
7.Temporarywiltingandpermanentwilting 暂时萎焉和永久萎焉
Thewiltingiscausedbylossofequilibriumbetweenwaterabsorptionandevaporation(maintranspiration).Transpirationislargerthanabsorption.Itcanberecoveredbyshadingorintheeveningupondecreasingintranspiration,butnotbywatering.
Thewiltingiscausedbynoavailablesoilwater,plantcannotabsorbwaterfromthesoil.Itcanberecoveredbywateringorwaterspring,butnotbydecreasingintranspiration.
8.Transpirationpull蒸腾拉力
Apowerdrivingwaterupwardalongxylemvessel,andisdecidedbyagradientofwaterpotentialsduetotranspiration.Itisindependentofrootmetabolismandisthemainpowerforwaterabsorption.
9.Transpirationcoefficient(waterrequirement)蒸腾系数
Waterrequirementisareciprocaloftranspirationefficiency,meansthatplantconsumeswaterquantity(g)formaking1gofdrymatter.生成1kg干物质需要多少g水。
10.Transpirationefficiency(ratio)蒸腾效率(比率)
Plantproducesquality(unit:
g)whenconsuming1kgwaterbytranspiration.
11.Transpirationrate蒸腾速率
Waterlossofplantthroughtranspirationperunitleafareaandperunittime.(g/m2s)
12.Criticalperiodofwater 水分临界期
Aperiodduringwhichplantismostsensitivetowaterdeficiencyandismosteasilyinjuredbywaterdeficiency,butthewaterrequirementisnotalwayslargestatthatperiod.花粉母细胞减数分裂至四分体期
13.Transpiration-cohesion-tensiontheory蒸腾-内聚力-张力学说
Watercanbetransportedinacontinuouswatercolumnbecausewatercohesionislargerthanitstension.
14.Osmosisabsorption;渗透性吸水
Osmosis(渗透作用)isadiffusioninwhichsolventmoleculespassthroughsemipermeablemembrane(半透性膜).
15.imbibitionabsorption;吸胀吸水
Imbibition(吸胀作用)isaphenomenainwhichhydrophiliccolloidsenlargewithwaterabsorption.(vacuole-unformedcell)
16.metabolismabsorption.代谢性吸水
Theplantcellusestheenergyproducedinrespirationanddriveswaterabsorptionacrossplasmaticmembrane
17.Semipermeablemembrane半透膜
Aselectively-permeablemembrane,amembranethatwillallowcertainmoleculesorionstopassthroughitbydiffusionandoccasionallyspecialized"facilitateddiffusion"
18.PlasmolysisandDeplasmolysis质壁分离与质壁分离复原
19.Ψs——solutepotential溶质势=渗透势
Thedecreasedpartofwaterpotentialcausedbyexistenceofthesoluteinthesolution
由于溶质颗粒的存在,降低了水的自由能而使其水势低于纯水水势的水势下降值。
20.Ψp——pressurepotential压力势
Theincreasedpartofwaterpotentialcausedbyturgorpressure,alwayspositive
21.Ψm——matricpotential衬质势
Thedecreasedpartofwaterpotentialresultsfromcellcomponentsabsorbingwater,alwaysnegative.
22.Waterchannelproteinsoraquaporins水通道蛋白或水孔蛋白
Aquaporinsinalllivingcellareaseriousproteinswhichlocatedinplasmaticmembraneortonoplast,andplayanimportantroleinwatertransmembranetransportbecausetheyhavelessresistancetowaterandspeedupwatertransportacrossthemembrane.
23.Stomataltranspiration气孔蒸腾
24.Lawofmicro-porediffusion→perimeterdiffusion小孔扩散定律——周长扩散
Diffusionrateofwatervaporthroughoutpolymicroporeisnotproportionaltothearea,butisproportionaltotheperimeter.
25.Stomatalcomplex气孔复合体
保卫细胞guardcell及邻近细胞neighboringcell或副卫细胞accessorycells/subsidiarycells
二、keypoints
1.Understandwaterrelat
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