07年专八听力真题.docx
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07年专八听力真题.docx
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07年专八听力真题
SECTIONA Mini-lecture
Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthelectureonceonly.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Younoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskforafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwo minutes to checkyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonAnswersheetone.Usethe blank sheetfor note-tanking.
WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?
I.Introduction
A.Differencesbetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory
— Focus:
—generalhistory:
(1)_____
—arthistory:
politicalvalues,emotions,everydaylife,etc.
B.Significanceofstudy
Moreinformationandbetterunderstandingofhumansocietyandcivilization
II.Typesofinformation
A.Informationinhistorybooksis
(2)_____
—facts,butnoopinions
B.Informationinarthistoryissubjective
—(3)_____andopinions
e.g. —Spanishpainter'sworks:
misuse ofgovernmentalpower
—Mexicanartists'works:
attitudestowards social problems
III.Artasa reflection ofreligiousbeliefs
A.Europe:
(4)_____inpicturesinchurches
B.MiddleEast:
picturesofflowersandpatternsinmosques,palaces
Reason:
humanand(5)_____arenotseenasholy
C.Africaandthe Pacific Islands:
masks,headdressesandcostumesinspecialceremonies
Purpose:
toseekthehelpof(6)_____to protect crops,animalsandpeople.
IV.PerceptionsofArt
Howpeopleseeartis related totheirculturalbackground.
A.EuropeansandAmericans
—(7)_____
—expressionofideas
B.Peopleinotherplaces
—partofeverydaylife
—(8)_____use
V.Artasa reflection of social changes
A.Causeofchanges:
(9)_____ofdifferentcultures.
B.Changes
—tribalpeople:
effectsof(10)_____onartforms
—Europeanartists:
influenceofAfrican traditional artintheirworks
—AmericanandCanadianartists:
studyofJapanesepainting
Keys:
1)economicsandwar2)objective3)personalemotions4)theBible
5)animalimages6)theGod7)decoration8)practical
9)influence/interaction10)urbanization
Goodmorning,today’slectureistheveryfirstofaseriesoflecturesonarthistory,soI’dliketospendsometimediscussingwithyouthefollowingtopic:
Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?
Andwhatcanwelearnfromit?
Firstofall,I’dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanit’spossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,most typical historycoursesconcentrate onpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.In addition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovidedbyart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdresstheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpressthe essential qualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansocietyandcivilization.
ThesecondpointI’dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation.Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatisfactsaboutpoliticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,is subjective.Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainterandalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspainting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupofsimplepeople.His description ofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbecomea symbol oftheenormous powerorthe misuse ofthispowerthatthegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheirdeepangerandsadnessabout social problems.In summary,throughartyoucanfindapersonaland emotional viewofhistory.
Thirdly,artcan reflect aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.By contrast,oneofthemaincharacteristics ofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis),itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesandotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreated unique decoration ofgreatbeautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,circles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,likeAfricaand Pacific Islands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefsof traditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religionisthepurposeforthisartandit’s,therefore,absolutely essential toit. Traditional artinAfricaand Pacific IslandsisdifferentfromChristianart.Christianartinfluencespeople’sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.Butthegoalof traditional artinAfricaandPacificIslandsistheinfluenceof spiritual powersthatisgodstoenterpeople’slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehadspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animalsandpeoplearehealthyandincreasinginnumber.Thedancersintheceremonieswearmasks,Headdressesandcostumesthattheybelievearenecessarytoinfluencegods.Sothesemasks,headdressesthemselves,arerevelrypartoftheart.
Aswesaid,artdependsonculture,differentformsofartresultfromdifferentcultures.Similarly,thewaythatpeopleviewartalsodependsontheirculturalbackground.Thisismyfourthpoint.FormostEuropeansandAmericans,artismainlyfor decoration.Itissomethingonamuseumwallorinaglasscase.Itmakestheirhomesmore attractive.Peoplelookatitand admire it:
"Oh,whatabeautifulpainting!
"Besides,ideasare expressed inthisart.Thisisawonderful statue,and admiring it,Imightsay:
"Itmakessuchastronganti-war statement."Butinotherplaces,artisnotconsideredtobe separated fromeverydayexistence.Ithasa function,ithasapracticalroletoplayinpeople’slives.Apersoninatribalsocietymightlookata mask andsay:
"Oh,thisisagoodmask.Itwouldkeepmyhousesafe."Inbrief,thewayinwhichpeopleenjoyor appreciate artdependsontheirculture.
To conclude mylecture,wecansaythatartisa reflection ofvariouscultures.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatartalsoreflectsthechangesinsocietythattakeplacewhendifferentculturesinfluenceoneanother.Aspeoplefromtribalsocietiesmoveto urbanareas,theirvaluesandbeliefschangeaccordinglyandtheir traditional artformsbegintolosetheir function.Atthesametime, urban artistsbegintolearnalotfrom traditional art.Forexample,AfricanmasksandfigureshadagreatinfluenceonPicasso’sworks.AndmanyAmericanandCanadianartistsstudythe simplicity ofJapanesepainting.Theresultisthatastheworldgetssmaller,theartofeachculturebecomesmoreinternational.
OK,thisbringsustotheendofourlecture.Ihopethataftertoday’slecture,you’ll understandbetterthesignificanceofthestudyofarthistory.Artenablesustoknowmoreabouthumanhistory,forexample,people’sviewsandopinionsabout certain historicalevents,andwhat’smoreimportant,aboutdifferentcultures,theirreligiousbeliefs, perception ofartetc.
SectionBinterview
Questions1to5arebasedonan interview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.
Nowlistentothefollowingfivequestions.
Nowlistentotheinterview
1.AccordingtoNigel,mostproblemsofairtravelarecausedby
A.Unfavorableweatherconditions.
B.Airportshandling capacity.
C. Inadequate ticketingservice.
D.Overbooking.
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedas compensation forvolunteersforthenextfightout?
A.Freeticket.
BFreephonecall
C.Cashreward
D.Seatreservation
3.WhydoesNigelsuggestthatbusinesstravelers avoid bigairports?
ABecauseallflightsinandoutoftherearefull.
B.Becausethevolumeoftrafficisheavy.
C.Becausetherearemore popular flights.
D.Becausetherearemoredelaysandcancellations.
4.AccordingtoNigel, inexperience travelersarelikelytomakethefollowingmistakes except.
ABookingonless popular flights.
B.buyingticketsatfullprice.
C.carrying excessive luggage.
D.planninglongbusinesstrips.
5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.Thepossibilityofdiscountsdependsonatravel agent’svolumeofbusiness.
B.Longerflightstothesame destination maybecheaper.
C.Itisadvisabletoplaneverydetailofatripinadvance.
D.arrangingforstopoverscan avoid overnight travel.
Keys:
BCBAC
W:
NigelLingeiseditorofBusinessTravelWeekly.Nigel,thanksforbeingontheshow.Now,whatkindofproblemsdoairlinepassengersfacenowadays?
M:
Well,mostoftheproblemsarecausedbytheheavyvolumeoftraffic.Youknow,allairportshavealimittothenumberoftake-offsandlandingstheycan handle.
W:
Sowhatseemstobetheproblem?
M:
Allflightsfromabusyairportarriveandleaveatmoreorlessthesametime.If60 aircraft arescheduledtotakeoffbetween5p.m.and5:
15,andtheairportcanonly handle 120anhour,thatmeanssomewillalwaysbelatelandingortaking-off.Andiftheweatherisbad,oh,youcani
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