心理学导论transcript17.docx
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心理学导论transcript17.docx
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心理学导论transcript17
IntroductiontoPsychology:
Lecture17Transcript
April16,2007
< ProfessorPaulBloom: Justtoreview,here'swhereweleftoff.Thediscussionfromlastlectureandforabouthalfofthislectureisgoingtobesocialpsychology.Andso,westartedoffbytalkingaboutcertainfundamentalbiasesinhowweseeourselves.Wethenturnedtotalkaboutabiasandhowweseeotherpeople,thefundamentalattributionerror.Andnowwe'retalkingalittlebitaboutsomeaspectsofhowweseeotherpeople.So,wequicklytalkedaboutcertainaspectsofwhywelikeotherpeopleincludingproximity,similarity,andattractiveness,andwhereweleftoffwasadiscussionoftheMattheweffect,whichisbasicallythatgoodthingstendtocompound.Ifyou'rerichyou'llgetabettereducation,ifyou'resmartpeoplewilllikeyoumore,ifyou'reattractiveandsoon.Nobodybringuptheirpapersatthispoint.They'llcollectthemattheendofclass.WhatIwanttotalkto--[laughter]Okay,exceptforyou.Justhandmeitnow.[laughter]I'mgoingtoasktheteachingfellowstostopanybodyfromapproachingthatarea. Iwanttobeginbytalkingabout[laughter]impressionformation,howweformimpressionsofothers,andtellyouacoupleofinterestingthingsaboutimpressionformation.Thefirstoneis,firstimpressionsmatteralot.Theymatteralotfordifferentreasons.Theymightmatteralotbecausehumanshave,ingeneral,aconfirmationbiassuchthatonceyoubelievesomethingotherinformationisthenencodedalongthelikestosupportwhatyoubelieve.So,theclassicstudyherewasdonebyKelleywhereaguestspeakercomesinandsomeofthestudentsreceivedabiodescribingthespeakerasverywarm,theotheras--donotbringyourpaperupifyou'recominginlate.Just--attheendofclass,yeah.[laughter]Othersgotabiosaying--thanks,Erik--thespeakerwasrathercoldandthenitturnedoutlateron[laughter]whenthey'reaskedfortheirimpressionsofthespeakerpeopleareverymuchbiasedbywhattheyfirstassumed.IfI'mdescribedtoyouasavivaciousandcreativepersonandyouseemeandI'mallkindofbouncingaroundandeverything,youcouldthenconfirmthisas,"Lookhowvivaciousandcreativeheis."IfI'mdescribedassomebodywhodrinkstoomuch,youmightthinkhe'sanalcoholic.Ifhe'sdescribedassomebodywho'sinsecureandnervous,youcouldinterpretmyactivityasnervoustwitches.Yourfirstimpressionsetsaframeworkfromwhichyouinterpreteverythingelse. ThiswasthethemeofanexcellentmoviecalledBeingTherestarringPeterSellers.Andtherunningjokeofthemovie"BeingThere"wasthatthemaincharacter,thecharacterChaunceyGardner,somehowthroughaccidenthadthereputationforbeingageniusbutwhile,inreality,hewasactuallymildlyretarded.Buthewouldgoaroundandpeoplewouldaskhimhisopinionsonpoliticsandhewouldsaythingslike"Well,Ilikebeinginthegarden."Andbecauseofhisreputationasageniuspeoplesaid,"Wow.That'sveryprofound.Iwonderwhathemeans."And--orpeoplewouldtalktohimandhe'djuststareatthemandsay--andpeoplewouldsay--wouldbeintimidatedbyhisboldandimpetuousstarewhenactuallyhejusttotallydidn'tknowanything.So,firstimpressionscanshapesubsequentimpressionsnotjustwhendealingwithpeople. Alittlewhileagotherewasasniper,actuallyapairofsniperskillingpeopleinWashingtonandtheonethingeverybodyknewaboutitwastherewasawhitevaninvolved.Itturnedouttherewasnowhitevanatallbutinthefirstincidentsomebodysawawhitevan,thiswasreportedinallthenewspapers,theneveryotherincidentpeoplestartedseeingthewhitevan.So,theystartedlookingforthemandtheystartedtoattending--attendtothem.So,firstimpressionsmatterhugelywhendealingwithpeoplebecauseitsetsthestageforhowweinterpreteverythingelse. Asecondfindingbuildingonthefirstisthatweformimpressionsveryfast,veryquickly,andthisisaliteratureknownas"thinslices."Theideaisyoudon'thavetoseemuchofapersontogetanimpressionofwhattheyare.Thefirststudiesdoneonthiswereactuallydoneonteachers,onuniversityprofessors.So,universityprofessorshaveteachingevaluationsandyoucouldusethisasaroughandreadyapproximationofwhatstudentsthinkofthem.So,whatyoudothenis--thequestionthatthesepeoplewereinterestedin,RosenthalandAmbady,twosocialpsychologists,werehowlongdoyouhavetolookataprofessortoguesshowpopularateacherheis? So,theyshowedtheseclipsforafullclass.Doyouhavetoseethemforafullclass? Doyouhavetoseethemfortwoclasses? Doyouhavetoseethemforahalfhour? Howlongdoyouhavetobearoundapersontoseehim,toestimatehowgoodalecturerthatpersonis? Andtheanswerisfiveseconds.So,afterclips
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- 心理学 导论 transcript17