专四语法词汇.docx
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专四语法词汇.docx
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专四语法词汇
集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如:
police,people,cattle,militia,poultry等,通常作复数,用复数动词。
如:
Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beefandhides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:
AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如audience,committee,class,crew,family,public,government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。
Thecitycouncilismeetingtosetitsagenda.
4)acommittee,etc.of+复数名词
如果主语是由“acommitteeof/apanelof/aboardof+复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
例如:
Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.
近义词辨析
tired,exhausted,fatigued,weary,worn-out
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henrywassotiredthathewenttobedimmediatelyafterhegothome.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
Theexhaustedengineerfellasleeponthebus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。
Hefeltfatiguedanddidn’twanttosayasingleword.他疲惫不堪,不想说一句话。
weary语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
Afteralongandwearywait,theplanefinallycametotakethemback.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。
wornout这个词不太正式,多用于口语。
Thetroopswerewornoutafterwinningthebattle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
全真模拟试题
1.Although______Spanish,heattendedthecourse.
A.hewasknowingB.heisknowing
C.havingaknowledgeofD.knows
2.You______thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.
A.oughttowriteB.oughttohavewritten
C.shouldwriteD.shouldbewriting
3.Josephwasverylucky______withhislife;healmostdidnotgetoutoftheroom.
A.toescapeB.tohaveescaped
C.toescapingD.tobeescaping
4.Breadandbutter______likedbyWesterners.
A.isB.areC.wereD.be
5.Thebackgardenofourhousecontainsalawn,______verypleasanttositoninsummer.
A.whichisB.whichitisC.itisD.whereitis
6.Hesetupinbusiness______hisownandwasverysuccessful.
A.inB.ofC.onD.by
7.John’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he______lastnight.
A.muststudyB.shouldhavestudied
C.musthavestudiedD.issuretostudy
8.Frankalmostneverreceivedanyeducation,______?
A.wouldheB.didhe
C.didn’theD.wouldn’the
9.Evenifhisletter______tomorrow,it______toolatetodoanything.
A.willarrive...isB.shouldarrive...were
C.arrives...willbeD.arrives...wouldbe
10.Wecanhear______fromthebackoftheroom.
A.justasgoodB.justaseasy
C.justaswellD.easilyaswell
11.Toobtainasatisfactoryresult,onemustapplytwo______ofpaintonacleansurface.
A.coatsB.levelsC.timesD.courses
12.Thesmallmountainvillagewas______bythesnowformorethanonemonth.
A.cutbackB.cutout
C.cutoffD.cutaway
13.MissGreenwas______$100fordrivingafterdrinking.
A.finedB.chargedC.punishedD.posed
14.Modern______perhapscausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.
A.techniqueB.technology
C.tacticsD.tendency
15.Marytiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit______whenshewastryingtogotosleep.
A.soundingB.ringingC.tickingD.humming
16.Underthis______pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.
A.intensiveB.weightyC.intenseD.bulky
17.Ofcourse,mostimmigrantsdidnotgetrichovernight,butthe______ofthemwereeventuallyabletoimproveupontheirformerstandardofliving.
A.maximumB.minorityC.majorityD.minimum
18.Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave______.Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.
A.splitupB.brokendown
C.fallenthroughD.knockedout
19.Thebeachisinanideal______todrawtourists.
A.conditionB.situationC.stateD.publicity
20.Our______sensitivitydecreaseswithage.Byage
60,mostpeoplehavelost40percentoftheirabilitytosmelland50percentoftheirtastebuds.
A.sensibleB.senseless
C.sensitiveD.sensory
21.Theeldestchildisthoroughly______becausetheyalwaysgivehimwhateverhewants.
A.wastedB.spoiled
C.destroyedD.uneducated
22.Ifasubstanceisdissolvedinwaterorheated,itmay______agas.
A.giveintoB.giveover
C.giveoffD.giveaway
23.HismannerwassopleasantthatBollafeltat______withhimatonce.
A.peaceB.largeC.easeD.best
24.—Canyoutakethedayofftomorrow?
—Well,I’llhavetoget______frommyboss.
A.permissionB.permit
C.allowanceD.possession
25.The______inJanet’scharacterhashinderedherfromadvancementinhercareer.
A.weaknessB.merit
C.defectD.shortcoming
您的得分率为:
/25
试题答案与解析
1.C)【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】know是静态动词,不能用于进行时;选knows从句中又缺少主语。
knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词,但作“了解”讲时,前面可加“a”,常用于词组haveaknowledgeof中,所以选C)。
2.B)【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信,然而,你没写。
【难点】oughttohavewritten是虚拟语
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