红外对应的基团_精品文档.pdf

红外对应的基团_精品文档.pdf

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小木虫经典出品（C）InfraredSpectroscopyIRAbsorptionsforRepresentativeFunctionalGroupsFunctionalGroupMolecularMotionWavenumber（cm）-1C-Hstretch2950-2800CH2bend1465CH3bend1375alkanesCH2bend（4ormore）720=CHstretch3100-3010C=Cstretch（isolated）1690-1630C=Cstretch（conjugated）1640-1610C-Hin-planebend1430-1290C-Hbend（monosubstituted）990&910C-Hbend（disubstituted-E）970C-Hbend（disubstituted-1,1）890C-Hbend（disubstituted-Z）700alkenesC-Hbend（trisubstituted）815acetylenicC-Hstretch3300C,Ctriplebondstretch2150alkynesacetylenicC-Hbend650-600C-Hstretch3020-3000C=Cstretch1600&1475C-Hbend（mono）770-730&715-685C-Hbend（ortho）770-735C-Hbend（meta）880&780&690aromaticsC-Hbend（para）850-8001小木虫经典出品（C）O-Hstretch3650or3400-3300alcoholsC-Ostretch1260-1000C-O-Cstretch（dialkyl）1300-1000ethersC-O-Cstretch（diaryl）1250&1120C-Haldehydestretch2850&2750aldehydesC=Ostretch1725C=Ostretch1715ketonesC-Cstretch1300-1100O-Hstretch3400-2400C=Ostretch1730-1700C-Ostretch1320-1210carboxylicacidsO-Hbend1440-1400C=Ostretch1750-1735C-C（O）-Cstretch（acetates）1260-1230estersC-C（O）-Cstretch（allothers）1210-1160C=Ostretch1810-1775acidchloridesC-Clstretch730-550C=Ostretch1830-1800&1775-1740anhydridesC-Ostretch1300-900N-Hstretch（1perN-Hbond）3500-3300N-Hbend1640-1500C-NStretch（alkyl）1200-1025C-NStretch（aryl）1360-1250aminesN-Hbend（oop）800N-Hstretch3500-3180C=Ostretch1680-1630N-Hbend1640-1550amidesN-Hbend（1o）1570-15152氨基化合物小木虫经典出品（C）C-Fstretch1400-1000C-Clstretch785-540C-Brstretch650-510alkylhalidesC-Istretch600-485nitrilesC,Ntriplebondstretch2250isocyanates-N=C=Ostretch2270isothiocyanates-N=C=Sstretch2125iminesR2C=N-Rstretch1690-1640-NO2（aliphatic）1600-1530&1390-1300nitrogroups-NO2（aromatic）1550-1490&1355-1315mercaptansS-Hstretch2550sulfoxidesS=Ostretch1050sulfonesS=Ostretch1300&1150S=Ostretch1350&11750sulfonatesS-Ostretch1000-750P-Hstretch2320-2270phosphinesPHbend1090-810phosphineoxidesP=O1210-1140II.NMRSolventSignalsII.NMRSolventSignalsThechemicalshifts（d）ofsolventsignalsobservedfor1HNMRand13CNMRspectraarelistedinthefollowingtable.Themultiplicityisshowninparenthesesas1forsinglet,2fordoublet,3fortriplet,etc.SolventSolvent11HNMRChemicalShiftHNMRChemicalShift1313CNMRChemicalShiftCNMRChemicalShiftAceticAcid11.65

（1）,2.04（5）179.0

（1）,20.0（7）Acetone2.05（5）206.7（13）,29.9（7）Acetonitrile1.94（5）118.7

（1）,1.39（7）Benzene7.16

（1）128.4（3）Chloroform7.26

（1）77.2（3）3卤代烃氰类硝基团亚砜砜类磺酸盐磷类化合物小木虫经典出品（C）DimethylSulfoxide2.50（5）39.5（7）Methanol4.87

（1）,3.31（5）49.1（7）MethyleneChloride5.32（3）54.00（5）Pyridine8.74

（1）,7.58

（1）,7.22

（1）150.3

（1）,135.9（3）,123.9（5）Water（D2O）4.8III.NMRWaterSignalsIII.NMRWaterSignalsSignalsforwateroccuratdifferentfrequenciesin1HNMRspectradependingonthesolventused.Listedbelowarethechemicalshiftpositionsofthewatersignalinseveralcommonsolvents.NotethatH2Oisseeninaproticsolvents,whileHODisseeninproticsolventsduetoexchangewiththesolventdeuteriums.SolventSolventChemicalShiftofHChemicalShiftofH22O（orHOD）O（orHOD）Acetone2.8Acetonitrile2.1Benzene0.4Chloroform1.6DimethylSulfoxide3.3Methanol4.8MethyleneChloride1.5Pyridine4.9Water（D2O）4.84小木虫经典出品（C）1H-ChemicalShiftsrelativtoTMS1211109876543210-1H3C-AlkylH3C-C-HalH3C-C=CH3C-CCH3C-Aryl,-HeteroarylH3C-COH3C-S-H3C-SO2-H3C-N5小木虫经典出品（C）H3C-O-AlkylH3C-O-Aryl,-O-CO-C-CH2-AlkylCyclopropaneC-CH2-COC-CH2-O-C-CH2-SC-CH2-NO2C-CH2-NC=C-CH2-C=CN-CH2-CO-O-CH2-CO-O-CH2-O-,-Aryl1211109876543210-1CH-AlkylCH-HalC-CH-O-C-CH-NCO-CH-C=CCH-Aryl,-NR-,-O-CCHAlkineCH=C-Ar-HAlkyl-,Aryl-CHOAlkyl-OHAryl-OHR-COOHAlkyl-SHAryl-SHAlkyl-NH2,Alkyl2-NHAryl-NH2,Aryl2-NHR-CO-NH-CO-NH-CO1211109876543210-16小木虫经典出品（C）13CChemicalShiftsrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20H3C-C-primaryH3C-S-H3C-NH3C-O-H2C-CsecondaryCyclopropanes-H2C-S-H2C-N-H2C-O-H2C-HalFClBrICH-C-tertiaryCH-S-CH-NCH-HalFClBrIC-CquarternaryC-S-C-NC-O-C-HalClBrIrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20AlkinesC=C=CAllenesC=CAlkenesAromaticCompoundsHeteroaromaticCompounds-S-CNRhodanides-N=C=SIsothiocyanates-O-CN-N=C=O7小木虫经典出品（C）-CN-NCC=N-Azomethines（-CO）2OAnhydrides-COOR-CONHR-（CO）2NRImides-COOH-COCl-CHOC=OrelativetoTMS220200180160140120100806040200-20nJH,H-CouplingConstantsAbsolutevaluesaregiven.mostprobablesign:

I.2JH,H-CouplingconstantsmostlynegativeII.3JH,H-CouplingconstantsmostlypositiveIII.n3JH,H-Couplingconstantspositve/negativeTypeJ（Hz）TypeJ（Hz）12-152-906,5-7,55,5-7,0aa5-8ae2-4ee2-48小木虫经典出品（C）0,5-37-1213-184-100,5-2,509-132-31-32-4o6-9m1-3p0-11-21,6-2,01-30,6-1,01-41,3-1,82-33,2-3,81-22,0-2,61-31,5-2,21-41,8-2,32-32,8-4,01-2