澳大利亚历史人物.docx
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澳大利亚历史人物.docx
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澳大利亚历史人物
Prominentpeople
ofAustralianHistory
Aselectionofpeople,andiconiclegends,ofAustralianhistory.
Manythousandscouldbelistedhere,however,hereareaselectedfew:
TheBarcaldinestrikeleaders
The1891Shearers'Strike,centredaroundBarcaldineinQueensland,duringthedepressionofthe1890s,wasinresponsetothepastoralists'reactiontofallingwoolpricesofintendingtoreducetheshearers'wages.Duringtheunrest,thecolonialadministrationorderedthearrestoftheshearers'leadersonchargesofseditionandconspiracy.Theeventualfailureofthestrikebrokeworkermilitancy战斗性andledtotheformationofalabourpoliticalmovementtorepresenttheinterestsofworkingpeople.
ArthurCalwell
Born28August1896,WestMelbourne,Victoria
Died8July1973
ArthurCalwellwasAustralia'sfirstMinisterforImmigration(1945to1949),andlaterbecametheleaderoftheAustralianLaborParty(1960to1967).HewasthechiefarchitectofAustralia'spost-warimmigrationscheme,andpopularisedtheslogan"populateorperish".Alsowell-knownforhismuch-misquotedcomment"TwoWongsdon'tmakeaWhite".Hisimmigrationprogramco-incidedwithaperiodwhenAustralianindustrywasgrowingrapidlyandsufferingfromshortagesofskilledandsemi-skilledlabour.AlthoughhewasanadvocatefortheWhiteAustraliaPolicy,itisinterestingtonotethatCalwellspokeChineseandhadagreatrespectforAsiancultures.
See:
ArthurCalwell
See:
ArthurCalwell
CarolineChisholm
Born1808,England
Died1877
CarolineChisholmarrivedinAustraliain1838andsetupahomeforotherwomenwhohadcometolivehere.SheworkedtoimprovelifeontheshipsbringingpeopletoAustraliatostartanewlifeandstartedaloansplantobringpoorchildrenandfamiliestoAustralia.ShearrangedfreetripssothatthefamiliesofconvictswhoweretransportedtoAustraliacouldcometojointhem.
CaptainCook
Born27October1728,Marton,Yorkshire,England
Died14February1779,clubbedandstabbedtodeathbythenot-so-friendlynativesinHawaii
JamesCookwasappointedin1768tocommandHMBark Endeavour,tocarryscientiststotheSouthSeasonobservethetransitofVenusacrossthesun(duetooccurin1769),andtoexploretheSouthPacificfortheGreatSouthLandthatwasbelievedtoexist(referredtoasNewHolland,asDutchexplorershadclaimedtohavesightedthewestandnorthcoasts).Afterthescientists'Venusobservationswerecompleted,CookchartedtheNewZealandcoastline,andthensailedwestwardtofindtheeastcoastofNewHolland(Australia).Landwassightedon20April1770atwhatwasnamedPointHicks,thenhesailednorth,landingatBotanyBay,setsailagain,andthenlandedonPossessionIslandon22August1770whereheformallyclaimedthewholeeastcoastforBritain,namingitNewSouthWales.
JohnCurtin
Born1885,Creswick,Victoria
Died5July1945,Canberra,ACT
Australia'swartimePrimeMinister.WaselectedsecretaryoftheTimber-Worker'sUnioninVictoriain1911.In1916,whenBillyHugheswastryingtointroduceconscription,CurtinbecamesecretaryoftheVictorianAnti-ConscriptionCampaignCommitteeandwassentencedtothreemonths'jailforhisspeechesinoppositiontoconscription;although,afteranappeal,hewasreleasedhavingservedonlythreedaysofhissentence.CurtinenteredFederalParliamentastheMemberforFremantlein1928;andformedaLaborGovernmentin1941thatgovernedAustraliathroughtherestoftheSecondWorldWar.CurtinarguedwithChurchillforthesendingofAustralia'sforcesbacktoNewGuineatofightoffsuccessfullytheJapanesethrust(untiltheUnitedStatescouldmobiliseforthedrivebacktoJapan),andhebattled(unsuccessfully)withbothChurchillandRoosevelttohavethePacificwaragainsttheJapanesegiventhesamepriorityastheEuropeanwaragainsttheGermans.WhilehisGovernmentreorganisedthewareffortandprovidedAustraliawithitsownaircraft,guns,tanks,munitionsandsoldiers,theyalsoarrangedwidows'pensions,unemploymentbenefits,aswellasplanninganAustralianGovernmentairlineandasystemoffreehospitals.Curtindidnotlivetoseetheendofthewarortoseehispost-warreconstructionpoliciescometofulfilment,ashediedinJuly1945.CurtinisregardedasoneofthegreatestAustralianPrimeMinisters.
DanielDeniehy
Born16thAugust1828,Sydney,NSW
Died22ndOctober1865,Bathurst,NSW
DanielHenryDeniehywaselectedtotheNSWLegislativeAssemblyin1857and1860,withhismainaimtoopenuppubliclandstotheworkingclass.HehelpedformtheNewSouthWalesElectoralReformLeague,inordertopushforgreaterdemocracy.Healsofoundedhisownnewspaperin1859,the SouthernCross,toreviewpublicaffairs,fosternationalsentiment,
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