定语从句讲解稿.docx
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定语从句讲解稿.docx
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定语从句讲解稿
定语从句
基本概念:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词,因此也叫形容词性从句。
先行词:
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
它与定语从句的位置关系为:
先行词+定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用,同时又在定语从句中担任主语,宾语,表语,定语和状语等成分。
常用的关系代词:
who,whom,whose,that,which,as.
常用的关系副词:
when,where,why.
分类:
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
I.限制性定语从句
在此类从句中,先行词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物,这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思,定语从句不能拿掉,否则剩下的主句将失去意义而不能成立。
A.关系代词的用法
先行词是人
1.作主语who,that
e.g.Thegirlwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeismysister.
2.作宾语(who,whom,that)
e.g.Thegirl(who/whom/that)heistalkingtoismysister.
3.作定语whose
e.g.Thegirlwhosehairisredismysister.
先行词是物
1.作主语which/that
e.g.Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.
2.作宾语(which/that)
e.g.Thebook(which/that)youboughtyesterdayisgood.
3.作定语whose
e.g.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.
Theman___whowhomthat_______youweretalkingwithjustnowismyuncle.
Doyouknowthewoman_____whothat__issellingthevegetablesthere.
Iliketheroom__whose______windowsfacesouth.
Theglass______whichthat__youboughtyesterdayisverygood.
Theoldmandidn’tallowhisdaughtertomarrytheman___whose___familyispoor.
Thefruit____which__that___myfatherplantedisdelicious.
Iboughtthebookintheshop__which_______isinthecornerofthestreet.
Idon’tliketheapples__which______arenotfresh.
Hevisitedthefactory_whichthat______hisfatheronceworkedin.
Mymotherlikestheplaces___which_____havethebeautifulscenery.
Theteacher_____whothat__isrespectedbythestudentsishisaunt.
Iknowtheman____whowhomthat___youareshakinghandswith.
Aplaneisamachine_____thatwhich_canfly.
Thenoodles___that__which____Icookedweredelicious.
Whoistheman__that_____isreadingabookoverthere?
Thegirl_____thatwhich___wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.
Theyplantedsometrees__which_____didn’tneedmuchwater.
Thefish_____thatwhich___weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.
Theforeigner_____thatwhich__visitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.
Theboy______thatwho__brokethewindowiscalledTom.
Theperson___whowhomthat___youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.
Mrs.Readistheperson__thatwhowhom_____youshouldwriteto.
B.在定语从句中如介词提前,关系代词用法如下:
先行词是人介词+whom
e.g.Thegirltowhomheisspeakingismysister.
Thegirl______heisspeakingtoismysister.
先行词是物介词+which
e.g.Theroominwhichheusedtoliveisverybig.
C.关系代词as的用法
1)as也可作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,指整个主句的概念,常译为“正如”之意,在句中作主语,宾语或表语。
2)as引导的定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,位置很灵活。
e.g.Morethanseventypercentofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater,asweallknow.(作宾语)
Asisreportedinthepapers,ourcountryhaslaunchedanothermanmadeearthsatellite.(作主语)
Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.(表语)
常用这类似结构还有:
asissaidabove;asisalreadymentionedabove;asitis;asisoftenthecase(with)这是常有的事;事情通常就是这样;asisreportedinthenewspaper等等
Heisoftenlateforschool,asisoftenthecasewithhim.
Asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople,mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutgoodolddays.
3)as引导的限制性定语从句还常放在thesame,和such,as后。
e.g.ThisisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.
Keepawayfromsuchthingsaswilldoyouharm.
4)经常用于非限制性定语从句中,表示“众所周知”的表达有以下几种:
asweallknow,…
asisknowntoall,…
aseverybody/everyoneknows,…
D.关系副词的用法
1).when
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
e.g.EinsteinhadtostophisresearchworkintheyearwhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout.
ThathappenedonthedaywhenIsawyou.
2).where
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
e.g.Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastyear?
MyneighborboughtthisTVsetintheshopwhereherbrotherworks.
名词situation,point,case,stage,scene等后可接where引导的定语从句
Iunderstandthesituationwhereawomanfallsinlovewithamarriedman.
Itgetstothepointwherecommunicationispossible.
Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparate.
3)why
why在定语从句中作原因状语,多放在名词thereason后。
e.g.Thereasonwhyhediditwillalwaysremainamystery.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhealwayslooksatmecoldly.
Thereason_____heexplainedisreasonable.
E.有时关系副词可以等同于介词加关系代词which.
when=介词+which
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.
where=介词+which
Ivisitedthefactorywhere/inwhichmymotheronceworked.
why=介词+which
Iwilltellyouthereasonwhy/forwhichIwaslate.
注意:
当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开,也就是说不能将介词提前。
Thesearethechildrenwhomyouneedtolookafter.
Thepostofficewhichyouarelookingforisattheotherendofthestreet.
注意以下的情况:
fromwhere,sincewhen为介词+关系副词结构,也可引导定语从句
Westoodonthetopofthehill,fromwherewecouldseethewholetown.
Heleftin1989,sincewhenhehasbeenworkinginabank.
Thisisabook_________tellsaboutspacerockettechnology.
Theletter______
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