江苏高考英语任务型阅读.docx
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江苏高考英语任务型阅读.docx
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江苏高考英语任务型阅读
江苏高考英语任务型阅读精讲精练汇编
(2017江苏)
PopulationChange
Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?
Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits¸butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900¸peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury¸decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.
Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore¸around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations)¸butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo¸whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.
AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina¸forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?
First¸Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second¸ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant¸economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.
Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?
Nobodyisquitesure¸butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend¸Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.
InthenorthofIndia¸thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates¸butinthesouth¸wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace¸birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist¸birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal¸25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030¸asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.
0nesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA¸itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover¸theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.
(2016江苏)
An Extension of the Human Brain
0therpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)¸muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的)system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face,andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.
Regardingmemory:
0nceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;I’mnolongercomfortablewritingifI’mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It’sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.
Regardingjudgment:
TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample,whenI’mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea,”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.
TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsinceI’vebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.Suchactiv
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